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Socio-economic- and sex-related disparities in rates of hospital admission among patients with HIV infection in Ontario: a population-based study

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Family and Community Medicine at St. Michael’s Hospital and an Assistant Professor in the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. tantoniou@smh.ca

• PMID: 23687530
• PMCID: PMC3654511

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Tony Antoniou et al. Open Med. 2012.

• ¹ Department of Family and Community Medicine at St. Michael’s Hospital and an Assistant Professor in the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. tantoniou@smh.ca

• PMID: 23687530
• PMCID: PMC3654511

Item in Clipboard

Background: Among people living with HIV infection in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), admission to hospital may indicate inadequate community-based care. As such, population-based assessments of the utilization of inpatient services represent a necessary component of evaluating the quality of HIV-related care.

Methods: We used a validated algorithm to search Ontario's administrative health care databases for all persons living with HIV infection aged 18 years or older between 1992/93 and 2008/09. We then conducted a population-based study using time-series and longitudinal analyses to first quantify the immediate effect of cART on hospital admission rates and then analyze recent trends (for 2002/03 to 2008/09) in rates of total and HIV-related admissions.

Results: The introduction of cART in 1996/97 was associated with more pronounced reductions in the rate of hospital admissions among men than among women (for total admissions, -89.9 v. -60.5 per 1000 persons living with HIV infection, p = 0.003; for HIV-related admissions, -56.9 v. -36.3 per 1000 persons living with HIV infection, p < 0.001). Between 2002/03 and 2008/09, higher rates of total hospital admissions were associated with female sex (adjusted relative rate [RR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.27) and low socio-economic status (adjusted RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.14-1.29). Higher rates of HIV-related hospital admission were associated with low socio-economic status (adjusted RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.17-1.45). Recent immigrants had lower rates of both total admissions (adjusted RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.61-0.80) and HIV-related admissions (adjusted RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.96).

Interpretation: We observed important socio-economic- and sex-related disparities in rates of hospital admission among people with HIV living in Ontario, Canada.

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Competing interests: During the past 3 years, Tony Antoniou has received unrestricted research grants from Merck and Pfizer for various studies, and Mona Loutfy has received unrestricted research grants from, and has acted as a speaker and advisor for, Abbott Laboratories, Merck Frosst Canada Ltd., Pfizer and ViiV Healthcare. None declared for all other authors.

Rates of hospital admission among…

Rates of hospital admission among people living with HIV in Ontario, 1992/93 to…

Rates of hospital admission among people living with HIV in Ontario, 1992/93 to 2008/09, stratified by sex.

Rates of hospital admission among…

Rates of hospital admission among people living with HIV in Ontario, 1992/93 to…

Rates of hospital admission among people living with HIV in Ontario, 1992/93 to 2008/09, stratified by socio-economic status (SES)

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Characteristics of participants by year of follow-up, 2002/03 to 2008/09

Characteristics of participants by year of follow-up, 2002/03 to 2008/09

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Multivariate regression for rates of hospital admission

Multivariate regression for rates of hospital admission

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