This section describes a family of functions and classes that work together to calculate the connected components of an undirected graph. The algorithm used here is based on the disjoint-sets (fast union-find) data structure [8,27] which is a good method to use for situations where the graph is growing (edges are being added) and the connected components information needs to be updated repeatedly. This method does not cover the situation where edges are both added and removed from the graph, hence it is called incremental[42] (and not fully dynamic). The disjoint-sets class is described in Section Disjoint Sets.
The following five operations are the primary functions that you will use to calculate and maintain the connected components. The objects used here are a graph g, a disjoint-sets structure ds, and vertices u and v.
The time complexity for the whole process is O(V + E alpha(E,V)) where E is the total number of edges in the graph (by the end of the process) and V is the number of vertices. alpha is the inverse of Ackermann's function which has explosive recursively exponential growth. Therefore its inverse function grows very slowly. For all practical purposes alpha(m,n) <= 4 which means the time complexity is only slightly larger than O(V + E).
ExampleMaintain the connected components of a graph while adding edges using the disjoint-sets data structure. The full source code for this example can be found in examples/incremental_components.cpp.
using namespace boost;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
typedef adjacency_list Graph;
typedef graph_traits::vertex_descriptor Vertex;
typedef graph_traits::vertices_size_type VertexIndex;
const int VERTEX_COUNT = 6;
Graph graph(VERTEX_COUNT);
std::vector rank(num_vertices(graph));
std::vector parent(num_vertices(graph));
typedef VertexIndex* Rank;
typedef Vertex* Parent;
disjoint_sets
ds(&rank[0], &parent[0]); initialize_incremental_components(graph, ds); incremental_components(graph, ds); graph_traits
::edge_descriptor edge; bool flag; boost::tie(edge, flag) = add_edge(0, 1, graph); ds.union_set(0,1); boost::tie(edge, flag) = add_edge(1, 4, graph); ds.union_set(1,4); boost::tie(edge, flag) = add_edge(4, 0, graph); ds.union_set(4,0); boost::tie(edge, flag) = add_edge(2, 5, graph); ds.union_set(2,5); std::cout << "An undirected graph:" << std::endl; print_graph(graph, get(boost::vertex_index, graph)); std::cout << std::endl; BOOST_FOREACH(Vertex current_vertex, vertices(graph)) { std::cout << "representative[" << current_vertex << "] = " << ds.find_set(current_vertex) << std::endl; } std::cout << std::endl; typedef component_index
Components; // NOTE: Because we're using vecS for the graph type, we're // effectively using identity_property_map for a vertex index map. // If we were to use listS instead, the index map would need to be // explicity passed to the component_index constructor. Components components(parent.begin(), parent.end()); // Iterate through the component indices BOOST_FOREACH(VertexIndex current_index, components) { std::cout << "component " << current_index << " contains: "; // Iterate through the child vertex indices for [current_index] BOOST_FOREACH(VertexIndex child_index, components[current_index]) { std::cout << child_index << " "; } std::cout << std::endl; } return (0); }
initialize_incremental_components Graphs: undirected Properties: rank, parent (in disjoint-sets) Complexity:
template void initialize_incremental_components(VertexListGraph& G, DisjointSets& ds)
This prepares the disjoint-sets data structure for the incremental connected components algorithm by making each vertex in the graph a member of its own component (or set).
Where Definedboost/graph/incremental_components.hpp
incremental_components Graphs: undirected Properties: rank, parent (in disjoint-sets) Complexity: O(E)template void incremental_components(EdgeListGraph& g, DisjointSets& ds)
This function calculates the connected components of the graph, embedding the results in the disjoint-sets data structure.
Where Definedboost/graph/incremental_components.hpp
Requirements on Typestemplate bool same_component(Vertex u, Vertex v, DisjointSet& ds)
This function determines whether u and v are in the same component.
Where Definedboost/graph/incremental_components.hpp
Requirements on Typescomponent_index
The component_index class provides an STL container-like view for the components of the graph. Each component is a container-like object, and access is provided via the operator[]. A component_index object is initialized with the parents property in the disjoint-sets calculated from the incremental_components() function. Optionally, a vertex -> index property map is passed in (identity_property_map is used by default).
Where Definedboost/graph/incremental_components.hpp
Members Member Description value_type/size_type The type for a component index (same as Index). size_type size() Returns the number of components in the graph. iterator/const_iterator Iterators used to traverse the available component indices [0 to size()). iterator begin() const Returns an iterator at the start of the component indices (0). iterator end() const Returns an iterator past the end of the component indices (size()). std::pair operator[size_type index] const Returns a pair of iterators for the component at index where index is in [0, size()).RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue
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