AKA: Satish Dhawan Space Center;Satish Dhawan Space Centre;SDSC;SHAR. First Launch: 1971-10-09. Last Launch: 2014-06-30. Number: 381 . Location: Andhra Pradesh. Longitude: 80.24 deg. Latitude: 13.74 deg.
The Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR, is located at 80 km north of Chennai on the east coast of India. The facilities at SDSC include:
Minimum Inclination: 44.0 degrees. Maximum Inclination: 47.0 degrees.
Subtopics Sriharikota PSLV First Launch Complex. PSLV launch complex. Adapted for GSLV launches. Family: Orbital Launch Site, Shahab. Country: India. Spacecraft: I-1K, Oscar, Rohini 1A, Rohini, Rohini 2, SROSS, IRS, Tubsat, Kitsat, Insat 3, Rubin, GSat, BIRD, PROBA, TES, METSAT, Cute, Pehuensat, SRE, AGILE, AAUSat, Can X, Compass, Delfi, IMS, SEEDS, Chandraayan, MIP. Launch Vehicles: SLV-3, ASLV, RH-125, RH-560, RH-200, SLV-3, RH-300 TV, ASLV, RH-300 Mk II, Prithvi, PSLV, RH-560/300 Mk II, Shahab 3, GSLV, RH-200SV, PSLV CA, PSLV-XL, PSLV, GSLV, PSLV-XL, GSLV-3, PSLV, GSLV, PSLV CA, GSLV Mk II, PSLV-XL. Projects: Insat. Launch Sites: Sriharikota SLV, Sriharikota PSLV, Sriharikota SLP, Sriharikota RH. Agency: ISRO. Bibliography: 2. Photo Gallery SriharikotaStretched Rohini Satellite Series; carried gamma-ray detector, ionosphere monitor. SROSS-C satellite carries two scientific payloads: 1) Retarding Potential Analyser (RPA), consisting of two planar detectors to measure plasma parameters and investigate energetics of the equatorial ionosphere. (2) Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) detectors, consist ing of two scintillation detectors to study celestial gamma ray bursts in the energy range of 20 keV to 3000 keV. Launch vehicle: Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle.
Streched Rohini Satellite Series; measured ionospheric plasma and gamma rays. SROSS-C2 satellite carries two scientific payloads: (i) Retarding Potential Analyser (RPA), consisting of two planar detectors to measure plasma parameters and investigate energetics of the equatorial ionosphere. (ii) Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) detectors, cons isting of two scintillators to study celestial gamma ray bursts in the energy range of 20 keV to 3000 keV. Launch vehicle Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle ASLV-D4.
DLR-Tubsat carried on the experimental work of Tubsat-A and -B. The satellite measured 32x32x32 cm and had a mass of 44.8 kg. The dechnology demonstrator conducted earth observation with 6 m resolution and conducted attitude control experiments. It was still in operation as of 2003.
Experimental Rural Communications satellite. Launch delayed following pad abort on March 28. First launch of the Indian GSLV launch vehicle. GSat 1 was an Indian, 1500 kg scaled-dow) test model of a future geosynchronous communications spacecraft with a 440 N ISRO liquid apogee motor, and S-band and C-band ommunications transponders, similar to the Insat-2 satellites. The motor for the cryogenic, hydrogen-oxygen upper stage had been purchased from Russia but the design had never flown in space before. The stage cut off without providing the required delta-V - preliminary analysis revealed a shortfall of 0.5% in the thrust. An attempt was made to reach a usable orbit using the station-keeping motor of the GSAT satellite itself. After a series of burns, GSat 1 ran out of propellant - 10 kg more fuel would have been required to reach a stationary orbit. In the end, the parameters of the drifting (about 13 deg/day) orbit were period 23 hours, apogee 35,665 km, perigee 33,806 km, and inclination 0.99 deg. The fully functional transponders and transmitters on board were deactivated on instructions of the International Telecommunications Union. As of 4 September 2001 located at 54.88 deg E drifting at 13.212 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 50.16W drifting at 12.778E degrees per day.
Launch delayed from July 20. The PS4 upper stage deployed the 1108 kg Indian TES (Technology Experiment Satellite) into a sun-synchronous orbit at 05:09:10 GMT. TES was an imaging satellite equipped with cameras and instruments to test military reconnaissance satellite technology. It was probably based on the IRS remote sensing satellite and carried a one-meter resolution panchromatic camera. India decided to develop an independent indigenous reconnaissance satellite capability after the 1999 incursion of Pakistani troops into disputed territory in Kashmir caught it by surprise. TES was developed by ISRO, the Indian Space Research Organization.
BIRD (Bispectral IR Detector) was a 94 kg German research minisatellite testing a new sensor for Earth imaging studies, detecting forest fires and other hot spots and studying vegetation changes. BIRD was released by the PS4 upper stage 40 seconds after the primary TES satellite payload had been deployed. The technology demonstrator was to help in the design a major remote sensing array of infrared detectors.
Proba (PRoject for On-Board Autonomy, 1) was a European Space Agency technology development minisatellite with a mass of 94 kg. It carried a radiation detector, an IR spectrometer, debris impact detectors, Earth imaging cameras, and an experimental spacecraft processor for spacecraft autonomy experiments. The satellite was built by Verheart in Belgium using the MiniSIL bus developed by SI of England, and was controlled from Belgium. After release of the TES and BIRD satellites, the PS4's upper stage small RCS engines raised the orbit to 553 x 676 km, and PROBA was ejected at 0520 GMT.
METSAT 1 was an Indian (ISRO) meteorological, geostationary satellite that was launched by an upgraded, four-stage PSLV-C4 rocket. The satellite was manoeuvred from the transfer orbit to a geostationary postion at 37� E longitude on September 16, and then was parked at 74� E longitude on September 24. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 74.00E drifting at 0.007W degrees per day.
Experimental Rural Communications. Launch delayed from original target of late 2001, then October 2002, then February 2003. The satellite carried four C-band transponders, two Ku-band transponders and a Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) payload operating in S-band and C-band for forward link and return link respectively. GSAT-2 also carried four piggyback experimental payloads: Total Radiation Dose Monitor (TRDM), Surface Charge Monitor (SCM), Solar X-ray Spectrometer (SOXS) and Coherent Radio Beacon Experiment (CRABEX). As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 47.97E drifting at 0.005E degrees per day.
Gsat-3 / Edusat was the first Indian satellite built exclusively for the educational sector. It was mainly intended to meet the demand for an interactive satellite based distance education system for India. Edusat was launched into a geosynchronous transfer orbit by its launch vehicle. Edusat was to reach geostationary orbit by firing, in stages, its on board Liquid Apogee Motor (LAM). In geostationary orbit the satellite was to be co-located with Kalpana-1 and Insat-3C satellites at 74 deg East longitude.
Compared to earlier satellites in the Insat series, Edusat used several new technologies. The spacecraft was built around the I-2K standardised spacecraft bus. It had a multiple spot beam antenna with a 1.2 m reflector to direct Ku band spot beams, a dual core bent heat pipe for thermal control, high efficiency multi-junction solar cells and an improved thruster configuration for optimised propellant use for orbit and orientation maintenance. The satellite used radiatively cooled Ku-band Travelling Wave Tube Amplifiers and a dielectrically loaded C-band demultiplexer for its communication payloads. Edusat carried five Ku-band transponders providing spot beams, one Ku-band transponder providing a national beam and six Extended C-band transponders with a national coverage beam. It was to join the Insat system that already provided more than 130 transponders in C-band, Extended C-band and Ku-band for a variety of telecommunication and television services.
First operational flight of launch vehicle. Launch delayed from July, August and September 10. Dry mass 820 kg. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 73.92E drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.
First launch from new second PSLV pad at Sriharikota. Eleventh satellite in the Indian Remote Sensing satellite series, Cartosat-1 carried two panchromatic cameras, one fore-mounted with a tilt of +26 deg and the other aft-mounted with a tilt of -5 deg from the yaw axis. Together they provided black-and-white stereoscopic pictures in the visible region ( 0.50-0.85 micron) of the electromagnetic spectrum with a spatial resolution of 2.5 metre. The cameras covered a swath of 30 km and a solid state memory recorded up to 120 GB of images for downloading when the satellite passed over the Spacecraft Control Centre at Bangalore or ISTRAC stations at Lucknow, Mauritius, Bears Lake in Russia and Biak in Indonesia. Cartosat 1's sun-synchronous orbit crossed the equator at a local time of 10:30. The spacecraft was 3-axis stabilised using reaction wheels, magnetic torquers and hydrazine thrusters. 1100 W of eectrical power was provided by a 5 sq m solar array and two 24 Ah Ni-Cd batteries. Mission life was 5 years. Launch delayed from February, late April. The multispectral satellite had a 2.5-meter resolution camera.
Microsatellite providing satellite-based Amateur Radio services to the international community of Amateur Radio Operators (HAMs). Primarily intended for HAM operators in South Asia. One of the transponders was developed by Indian amateurs with the assistance of ISRO, and the second by a student at the Higher Technical Institute, Venlo, Netherlands. Hamsat was a 630 mm x 630 mm x 550 mm cube of aluminium-honeycomb structure. Power was provided by body-mounted gallium arsenide solar panels and a lithium ion battery. The satellite was spin-stabilised at 4 rpm. Uplink/downlink frequencies were 435.25 MHz / 145.9 MHz.
India's Space Recovery Experiment-1 India's SRE-1 first lowered to its orbit to 485 km x 643 km on January 20. A 10-minute deorbit burn began at 03:30 GMT on January 22, with re-entry beginning at 04:07 and a successful splashdown at 04:16 GMT in the Bay of Bengal near 13.3 N / 81.4E. The capsule was successfully recovered by the Indian Navy. The capsule returned two microgravity payloads as well as proving basic technologies for any eventual Indian manned space program. It was also announced that the capsule could be used to orbit further microgravity payloads at low cost to customers.
The satellite was the twelfth in the Indian Remote Sensing satellite series and was capable of providing scene-specific spot imagery. The panchromatic camera provided imagery with a spatial resolution of better than one metre and a swath of 9.6 km. Data from the satellite was to be used for detailed mapping.
The PSLV-C8 launch vehicle flew for the first time in a light configuration with no strap-on motors and a Dual Launch Adapter. The Italian gamma-ray observatory satellite (Astrorivelatore Gamma ad Imagini Leggero) carried the GRID 0.3-200 MeV wide-field gamma ray camera and the Super-AGILE 15-45 keV detector hard X-ray detector.
India's first lunar probe. Placed by the PSLV into indicated orbit. It then used its own engines for translunar injection. It entered an initial lunar orbit of 504 km x 7502 km x 90.0 deg on November 8, maneuvering to the planned 100 x 100 km orbit by November 12.
Moon Impact Probe, released from Chandraayan-1 in lunar orbit on November 14 at 14:36 GMT. The MIP fired its own deorbit motor and impacted the moon at 15:01 GMT, near the Shackleton Crater at the south pole. The impact plume was scanned by the Chandraayan-1 orbiter and ground-based telescopes for evidence of lunar polar ice.
The booster accelerated the passive scramjet to Mach 6 and sustained Mach 6 +.05 and dynamic pressure (80 + 35 kPa) for seven seconds. These conditions were required for a stable ignition of an active scramjet engine combustor module, planned in the flight of ATV-D2.
Surveillance satellite. Carried the LISS-4 camera, a 6-meter-resolution imager, which was to be used for both military reconnaissance and civilian remote sensing. It also carried the lower resolution LISS-3 (23 m resolution) and AWIFS (56 m resolution), and an AIS Automatic Identification System payload for Comdev of Canada for tracking ships at sea.
First Indian mission to Mars. Carried 15 kg of instruments, including a color camera, but primary purpose was to test technologies for future planetary missions. Carried 850 kg of propellant for trans-Mars ejection and insertion into Martian orbit on arrival there. The MOS was inserted in elliptical Earth orbit; it used its own propulsion to achieve trans-Mars injection. The fourth stage and MOM payload entered a 251 x 23,892 km x 19.4 deg orbit with first perigee over the South Pacific. On November 7 the orbit was raised to 259 x 28,726 km, and on November 8 to over 70,000 km apogee. A further burn on November 10 delivered only 35 m/s, raising the apogee less than planned. A makeup burn on November 11 fixed the problem, and a burn on November 15 put the spacecraft in a 853 x 194,683 km x 19.4 deg orbit. A final perigee burn at 19:19 GMT on November 30 accelerated MOM to a hyperbolic Earth escape trajectory, and it entered an 0.98 x 1.45 AU solar orbit on December 3 on the way to Mars.
Carried C and Ku band communications payloads, and Ka-band beacons for a propagation study. The launch vehicle put the satellite in an initial 182 km x 35,755 km x 19.4 deg geostationary transfer orbit. By January 7 its onboard apogee engine had placed it in a 32,543 x 35,741 km x 0.7 deg subsynchronous orbit on the way to GEO. By February 4 it was on station at 73.9 deg E.
Second dedicated navigation satellite for the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System. After a coast phase the fourth stage ignited to accelerate the vehicle to a 269 x 20,558 km x 19.3 deg transfer orbit. IRNSS-1B used its onboard engine to join IRNSS-1A in circular inclined geosynchronous orbit, and on April 17 was in a 35,565 x 35,878 km x 31.0 deg orbit over the Indian Ocean.
Launch of the first GSLV-III rocket on a suborbital test flight. The S200 solid boosters and L110 core stage, with two Vikas engines, propelled an inert second stage to 126 km and 5.3 km/s. Second stage separation and payload separation were also tested; the payload was the Crew Module Atmospheric Reentry Experiment, a prototype command module for an Indian manned spacecraft with a mass of 3735 kg which splashed down in the Bay of Bengal. Orbit was around -4418 x 126 km x 32.7 deg.
Third generation Disaster Monitoring Constellation. The three satellites were deployed on a single launch. DMC Imaging International was a Surrey Satellite spinoff which operated the DMC imaging satellites in collaboration with several developing countries. The satellites have the capability to return prompt imaging of areas in those countries affected by natural disasters. The SSTL-300S1 platform provided 45 degree fast slew off-pointing and was capable of acquiring multiple targets in one pass using multiple viewing modes. The high resolution imager on board the satellites was designed and manufactured by SSTL and provided 1 meter resolution in panchromatic mode, and 4 meter resolution in multispectral mode, with a swath width of 23.4km. The three satellites were phased 120 degrees apart around the same sun synchronous orbit with a 22:10 local time longitude of descending node sun synchronous orbit. This was acommplished using their on board propulsion systems in the three months after the launch. With off-pointing capability, the DMC3/TripleSat Satellite Constellation was able to target anywhere on Earth once per day.
India's first space astronomy observatory. The satellite carried near and far ultraviolet telescopes, a large X-ray proportional counter array, a soft-X-ray imaging telescope, a hard X-ray coded mask telescope, and a monitor to detect flaring X-ray sources.
3U cubesat by San Francisco-based Spire Global, built in Glasgow, Scotland. 3U cubesat, carried an AIS payload and GPS radio occultation equipment, which used the bending of GPS radio signals by the atmosphere to derive atmospheric temperature and pressure.
3U cubesat by San Francisco-based Spire Global, built in Glasgow, Scotland. 3U cubesat, carried an AIS payload and GPS radio occultation equipment, which used the bending of GPS radio signals by the atmosphere to derive atmospheric temperature and pressure.
3U cubesat by San Francisco-based Spire Global, built in Glasgow, Scotland. 3U cubesat, carried an AIS payload and GPS radio occultation equipment, which used the bending of GPS radio signals by the atmosphere to derive atmospheric temperature and pressure.
3U cubesat by San Francisco-based Spire Global, built in Glasgow, Scotland. 3U cubesat, carried an AIS payload and GPS radio occultation equipment, which used the bending of GPS radio signals by the atmosphere to derive atmospheric temperature and pressure.
For the National University of Singapore, the 78 kg Kent Ridge 1 satellite developed using the TUBSAT LEOS-50 bus by Berlin Space Technologies, a spinoff of the old TUBSAT group at Technische Universitat Berlin. KR-1 carried two low-resoluton hyperspectral Earth imagers and a 6-meter-resolution imager.
India launched its 5th navigation satellite. The PSLV-XL delivered it to a subsynchronous transfer orbit. By early February it was in an inclined synchronous orbit at 35697 x 35874 km x 28.1 deg. IRNSS-R1C was in an near-equatorial orbit at 83E; the remainder are in the 28 degree inclined orbits, with R1A and R1B over about 55E and R1D and R1E over about 112E.
Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System was augmented by launch of the 1F satellite. The initial insertion orbit was 270 x 20649 km x 17.9 deg; an initial perigee burn to raise apogee was followed by several apogee burns towards circular inclined synchronous orbit.
Fourth GSLV Mk II rocket, carrying the Insat-3DR weather satellite. The cryogenic upper stage, serial CUS-07, performed nominally. The satellite made its first orbit raising burn on Sep 9. As well as weather sensors and data relay payloads, Insat-3DR carried a transponder to support search and rescue (SARSAT).
India's PSLV-C35 vehicle was launched on Sep 26 with a cluster of small satellites. For the first time, the PS4 final stage made multiple burns to deliver payloads to different orbits. Its first burn reached a 718 x 732 km orbit at 0358 UTC, and ISRO's SCATSAT ocean wind speed scatterometer mission was deployed at 0359. At 0504 and 0554 UTC two more burns reached a 661 x 704 km orbit and the DLA dual launch adapter was ejected, followed by deployment of the remaining payloads. PRATHAM from IIT Bombay, with an ionospheric science instrument 0930LT SSO
See Cartosat 2D. India's PSLV placed a record 104 payloads in orbit on Feb 15, 100 of them via 25 QuadPack cubesat dispensers from the Dutch company ISISSpace. The main payload was the 714 kg `Cartosat-2 series satellite', the fourth such imaging payload from ISRO.
See Aalto 1. 3U cubesat by Aalto University�and�Finnish Meteorological Institute,�Finland. Mission: Technical demonstration of a miniaturized spectral imager, a radiation monitor and a�plasma brake. Status as of 2019: Active.
See skCUBE. 2U (QB50 type) cubesat by Slovak Organisation for Space Activities (SOSA), University of �ilina,�Slovak University of Technology�by help of Belgian�Von Karman Institute,�Faculty of Aeronautics of Technical University of Kosice.
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