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PHP: array_keys - Manual

array_keys

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

array_keysReturn all the keys or a subset of the keys of an array

Description

If a filter_value is specified, then only the keys for that value are returned. Otherwise, all the keys from the array are returned.

Parameters
array

An array containing keys to return.

filter_value

If specified, then only keys containing this value are returned.

strict

Determines if strict comparison (===) should be used during the search.

Return Values

Returns an array of all the keys in array.

Examples

Example #1 array_keys() example

<?php
$array
= array(0 => 100, "color" => "red");
print_r(array_keys($array));$array = array("blue", "red", "green", "blue", "blue");
print_r(array_keys($array, "blue"));$array = array("color" => array("blue", "red", "green"),
"size" => array("small", "medium", "large"));
print_r(array_keys($array));
?>

The above example will output:

Array
(
    [0] => 0
    [1] => color
)
Array
(
    [0] => 0
    [1] => 3
    [2] => 4
)
Array
(
    [0] => color
    [1] => size
)
See Also pat dot leblanc at gmail dot com

13 years ago

It's worth noting that if you have keys that are long integer, such as '329462291595', they will be considered as such on a 64bits system, but will be of type string on a 32 bits system.

for example:


<?php

$importantKeys

= array('329462291595' =>null, 'ZZ291595' => null);

foreach(

array_keys($importantKeys) as $key){
echo
gettype($key)."\n";
}
?>

will return on a 64 bits system:
<?php
integer
string
?>

but on a 32 bits system:
<?php
string
string
?>

I hope it will save someone the huge headache I had :)
Sven (bitcetera.com)

19 years ago

Here's how to get the first key, the last key, the first value or the last value of a (hash) array without explicitly copying nor altering the original array:

<?php
$array
= array('first'=>'111', 'second'=>'222', 'third'=>'333');print array_shift(array_keys($array));print array_pop(array_keys($array));print array_shift(array_values($array));print array_pop(array_values($array));
?>

Ian (maxianos at hotmail dot com)

11 years ago

There's a lot of multidimensional array_keys function out there, but each of them only merges all the keys in one flat array.

Here's a way to find all the keys from a multidimensional array while keeping the array structure. An optional MAXIMUM DEPTH parameter can be set for testing purpose in case of very large arrays.

NOTE: If the sub element isn't an array, it will be ignore.

<?php
function array_keys_recursive($myArray, $MAXDEPTH = INF, $depth = 0, $arrayKeys = array()){
if(
$depth < $MAXDEPTH){
$depth++;
$keys = array_keys($myArray);
foreach(
$keys as $key){
if(
is_array($myArray[$key])){
$arrayKeys[$key] = array_keys_recursive($myArray[$key], $MAXDEPTH, $depth);
}
}
}

return

$arrayKeys;
}
?>


EXAMPLE:
input:
array(
'Player' => array(
'id' => '4',
'state' => 'active',
),
'LevelSimulation' => array(
'id' => '1',
'simulation_id' => '1',
'level_id' => '1',
'Level' => array(
'id' => '1',
'city_id' => '8',
'City' => array(
'id' => '8',
'class' => 'home',
)
)
),
'User' => array(
'id' => '48',
'gender' => 'M',
'group' => 'user',
'username' => 'Hello'
)
)

output:


array(
'Player' => array(),
'LevelSimulation' => array(
'Level' => array(
'City' => array()
)
),
'User' => array()
)
zammit dot andrew at gmail dot com

11 years ago

If an array is empty (but defined), or the $search_value is not found in the array, an empty array is returned (not false, null, or -1). This may seem intuitive, especially given the documentation says an array is returned, but I needed to sanity test to be sure:

<?php

$emptyArray

= array();
var_dump(array_keys($emptyArray,99)); $filledArray = array(11,22,33,42);
var_dump(array_keys($filledArray,99)); ?>

Robert C.

9 years ago

Keys from multi dimensional array to simple array

Want to traverse an multi dimensional array and get the keys back in a single dimensional array? This will do the trick:

<?phppublic function array_walk_keys($array, $parentKey = null, &$flattened_array = null)
{
if(!
is_array($array))
return
$array;

foreach(

$array as $key => $val ) {
$flattenedKeysArray[] = $key;

if(

is_array($val))
array_walk_keys($val, $key, $flattenedKeysArray);
}

return

$flattenedKeysArray;
}

Paul Hirsch

10 years ago

It is worth noting that array_keys does not maintain the data-type of the keys when mapping them to a new array. This created an issue with in_array and doing a lookup on characters from a string. NOTE: my lookup $array has a full map of numbers and characters - upper and lower - to do an simple faux encryption with.

<?php
$array
= array(
'e' => 'ieio'
,'1' => 'one'
,'2' => 'two'
,'0' => 'zero'
);
var_dump($array);
$keys = array_keys($array);
var_dump($keys);$string = '1e0';
for (
$i = 0; $i < strlen($string); $i++) {
if (
in_array($string[$i],$keys,'strict')) echo 'dude ';
else echo
'sweet ';
}
?>


Outputs:
array (size=4)
'e' => string 'ieio' (length=4)
1 => string 'one' (length=3)
2 => string 'two' (length=3)
0 => string 'zero' (length=4)

array (size=4)


0 => string 'e' (length=1)
1 => int 1
2 => int 2
3 => int 0

sweet dude sweet

----


expected to see:
dude dude dude
phpnet at holodyn dot com

11 years ago

Since 5.4 STRICT standards dictate that you cannot wrap array_keys in a function like array_shift that attempts to reference the array.

Invalid:


echo array_shift( array_keys( array('a' => 'apple') ) );

Valid:


$keys = array_keys( array('a' => 'apple') );
echo array_shift( $keys );

But Wait! Since PHP (currently) allows you to break a reference by wrapping a variable in parentheses, you can currently use:

echo array_shift( ( array_keys( array('a' => 'apple') ) ) );

However I would expect in time the PHP team will modify the rules of parentheses.

vittorh at outlook dot com

2 years ago

Hello friends

Guys in the array_keys function manual - https://www.php.net/manual/pt_BR/function.array-keys.php

it is described that in the second search parameter " $filter_value " is defined in mixed type, however in php 7.4 to version 8.1 when passing a $filter_value of type array, the function without returning false ( empty array )

Exemple :

$array = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2];

var_dump(array_keys($array,array('a','b'))); // return array(0) { }


var_dump(array_keys($array,array('a','b'))); // return array(0) { }
var_dump(array_keys($array,'a')); // return array(0) { }

Debugging the code, I believe that the description of the $filter_value parameter is confusing, as it is understood that the value of the key in the array has to be the specified value and not the content of the key

jochem

19 years ago

might be worth noting in the docs that not all associative (string) keys are a like, output of the follow bit of code demonstrates - might be a handy introduction to automatic typecasting in php for some people (and save a few headaches):

<?php
$r
= array("0"=>"0","1"=>"1","" =>"2"," "=>"3");
echo
'how php sees this array: array("0"=>"0","1"=>"1","" =>"2"," "=>"3")',"\n-----------\n";
var_dump($r); print_r($r); var_export($r);
echo
"\n-----------\n",'var_dump("0","1",""," ") = ',"\n-----------\n";
var_dump("0","1",""," ");
?>


OUTPUTS:

how php sees this array: array("0"=>"0","1"=>"1","" =>"2"," "=>"3")


-----------
array(4) {
[0]=>
string(1) "0"
[1]=>
string(1) "1"
[""]=>
string(1) "2"
[" "]=>
string(1) "3"
}
Array
(
[0] => 0
[1] => 1
[] => 2
[ ] => 3
)
array (
0 => '0',
1 => '1',
'' => '2',
' ' => '3',
)
-----------
var_dump("0","1",""," ") =
-----------
string(1) "0"
string(1) "1"
string(0) ""
string(1) " "
el dot quick at gmail dot com

13 years ago

Sorry for my english...

I wrote a function to get keys of arrays recursivelly...

<?php
function recursive_keys($input, $search_value = null){ $output = ($search_value !== null ? array_keys($input, $search_value) : array_keys($input)) ;
foreach(
$input as $sub){
if(
is_array($sub)){
$output = ($search_value !== null ? array_merge($output, recursive_keys($sub, $search_value)) : array_merge($output, recursive_keys($sub))) ;
}
}
return
$output ;
}
?>


I hope it will be usefull

Regards

ferrerna at gmail dot com

16 years ago

Here's a function I needed to collapse an array, in my case from a database query. It takes an array that contains key-value pairs and returns an array where they are actually the key and value.

<?phpfunction array_collapse($arr, $x, $y) {
$carr = array();
while (
$el = current($arr)) {
$carr[ $el[$x] ] = $el[$y];
next($arr);
}
return
$carr;
}
?>


Example usage (pseudo-database code):

<?php

$query

= db_query('SELECT name, value FROM properties');$result = db_returnAll($query);$propArr = array_collapse($result, 'name', 'value');?>


I found this handy for using with json_encode and am using it for my project http://squidby.com
rodrigo at NOSPAM dot dhweb dot com dot br

22 years ago

[Editor's note: For a complete solution to the printing of complex structures or hashes, see the PEAR::Var_Dump package: http://pear.php.net/package-info.php?pacid=103 , use "pear install Var_Dump" to get it]

This function will print all the keys of a multidimensional array in html tables.


It will help to debug when you don?t have control of depths.

<?php
function show_keys($ar){

echo

"<table width='100%' border='1' bordercolor='#6699CC' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='5'><tr valign='top'>";

foreach (

$ar as $k => $v ) {

echo

"<td align='center' bgcolor='#EEEEEE'>
<table border='2' cellpadding='3'><tr><td bgcolor='#FFFFFF'><font face='verdana' size='1'>
"
. $k . "
</font></td></tr></table>"
;

if (

is_array($ar[$k])) {
show_keys ($ar[$k]);
}

echo

"</td>";

}

echo

"</tr></table>";

}

$arvore = array();
$arvore['1'] = array();
$arvore['1']['1.1'] = array('1.1.1', '1.1.2', '1.1.3');
$arvore['1']['1.2'] = array('1.2.1', '1.2.2', '1.2.3');
$arvore['1']['1.3'] = array('1.3.1', '1.3.2', '1.3.3');
$arvore['2'] = array();
$arvore['2']['2.1'] = array('2.1.1', '2.1.2', '2.1.3');
$arvore['2']['2.2'] = array('2.2.1', '2.2.2', '2.2.3');
$arvore['2']['2.3'] = array('2.3.1', '2.3.2', '2.3.3');
$arvore['3'] = array();
$arvore['3']['3.1'] = array('3.1.1', '3.1.2', '3.1.3');
$arvore['3']['3.2'] = array('3.2.1', '3.2.2', '3.2.3');
$arvore['3']['3.3'] = array('3.3.1', '3.3.2'=>array('3.3.2.1', '3.3.2.2'), '3.3.3');
show_keys($arvore);
?>

sip at email dot ee

21 years ago

Note, that using array_key_exists() is rather inefficient. The overhead associated with calling a function makes it slower, than using isset($array[$key]), instead of array_key_exists($key, $array)
using isset() is usually about 1.3 times faster, according to my tests.

ru dot dy at gmx dot net

20 years ago

I was looking for a function that simply unset a variable amout of values from a one-dimensional array by key. I ended up with this (returns the array itself if no further parameter than the array is given, false with no params - does not change the source array)

usage: array_remove(array $input [, mixed key ...])

<?phpfunction array_remove() {
if (
$stack = func_get_args()) {
$input = array_shift($stack);
foreach (
$stack as $key) {
unset(
$input[$key]);
}
return
$input;
}
return
false;
}
?>


Test:

<?php
$a
= array('a'=>'fun', 'b'=>3.14, 'sub'=> array('1', '2', '3'), 'd'=>'what', 'e' => 'xample', 5 => 'x');
print_r($a);
print_r(array_remove($a, 'd', 'b', 5, 'sub'));
?>


Output:

Array


(
[a] => fun
[b] => 3.14
[sub] => Array
(
[0] => 1
[1] => 2
[2] => 3
)

[d] => what


[e] => xample
[5] => x
)
Array
(
[a] => fun
[e] => xample
)

Hope this helps someone.

Md. Abutaleb

5 years ago

<?php
$a = array(
"first_index" => "This is the first element",
true => 3,
false => 2,
4.5 => 'Something',
"08" => 5,
"8" => 6,
NULL => 'Null key'
);print_r(array_keys($a));

Array


(
[
0] => first_index
[1] => 1
[2] => 0
[3] => 4
[4] => 08
[5] => 8
[6] =>
)
?>
izzecold at live dot de

13 years ago

<?phpfunction mKeyChecker($arr,$keys=array()) {
if(
count($keys) > 1) {
$valid_keys = 0;
foreach(
$keys as $key) {
if(
array_key_exists($key,$arr)) $valid_keys++;
}
if(
$valid_keys == count($keys)) {
return
true;
} else {
return
false;
}
} else if(
count($keys) == 1) {
if(
array_key_exists($key[0],$arr)) {
return
true;
} else {
return
false;
}
} else {
return
false;
}
}
if(mKeyChecker($_SESSION,array('id','user','email','type'))) {
echo
"is!";
} else {
echo
"not!";
}
?>
Hayley Watson

17 years ago

An alternative to RQuadling at GMail dot com's array_remove() function:

<?php
function array_remove(array $array, $value, $strict=false)
{
return
array_diff_key($array, array_flip(array_keys($array, $value, $strict)));
}
?>

vesely at tana dot it

19 years ago

The position of an element.

One can apply array_keys twice to get the position of an element from its key. (This is the reverse of the function by cristianDOTzuddas.) E.g., the following may output "yes, we have bananas at position 0".

<?php
$a
= array("banana" => "yellow", "apple" = "red");
$k = get_some_fruit();
if (isset(
$a[$k]))
{
list(
$pos) = array_keys(array_keys($a), $k);
print
"yes, we have {$k}s at position $pos\n";
}
?>


Not amazingly efficient, but I see no better alternative.
creator at mindcreations dot com

18 years ago

This function will extract keys from a multidimensional array

<?php
function multiarray_keys($ar) {

foreach(

$ar as $k => $v) {
$keys[] = $k;
if (
is_array($ar[$k]))
$keys = array_merge($keys, multiarray_keys($ar[$k]));
}
return
$keys;
}
?>


Example code:

<?php
$array
= array("color" => array("1stcolor" => "blue", "2ndcolor" => "red", "3rdcolor" => "green"),
"size" => array("small", "medium", "large"));

echo

"<pre>";
print_r($array);
echo
"</pre>";

echo

"<pre>";
print_r(multiarray_keys($array));
echo
"</pre>";
?>


Example output:

Array


(
[color] => Array
(
[1stcolor] => blue
[2ndcolor] => red
[3rdcolor] => green
)

[size] => Array


(
[0] => small
[1] => medium
[2] => large
)

)

Array


(
[0] => color
[1] => 1stcolor
[2] => 2ndcolor
[3] => 3rdcolor
[4] => size
[5] => 0
[6] => 1
[7] => 2
)
craig1231 at hotmail dot com

13 years ago

A needed a function to find the keys which contain part of a string, not equalling a string...

<?php
function array_keys_contain($input, $search_value, $strict = false)
{
$tmpkeys = array();$keys = array_keys($input);

foreach (

$keys as $k)
{
if (
$strict && strpos($k, $search_value) !== FALSE)
$tmpkeys[] = $k;
elseif (!
$strict && stripos($k, $search_value) !== FALSE)
$tmpkeys[] = $k;
}

return

$tmpkeys;
}
?>

webmaster [at] baz-x [dot] at

20 years ago

I was looking for a function that deletes either integer keys or string keys (needed for my caching).
As I didn't find a function I came up with my own solution.
I didn't find the propiest function to post to so I will post it here, hope you find it useful.

<?phpfunction array_extract($array, $extract_type = 1)
{
foreach (
$array as $key => $value )
{
if (
$extract_type == 1 && is_string($key) )
{
unset($array[$key]);
}
elseif (
$extract_type == 2 && is_int($key) )
{
unset($array[$key]);
}
}

return

$array;
}
?>


You can of course define constants to have a nicer look, I have chosen these: EXTR_INT = 1; EXTR_STRING = 2
EXTR_INT will return an array where keys are only integer while
EXTR_STRING will return an array where keys are only string

Have fun with it.

theking2 at king dot ma

9 months ago

PHP arrays are weird. So the result of

<?php
$array
= [
'element0',
'element1' => 'Hello World',
'element2' => 42,
'element3' => [ 'aaa', 'bbb' ],
];
print_r( array_keys($array) );
?>
is a surprising though correct


Array
(
[0] => 0
[1] => element1
[2] => element2
[3] => element3
)

Arrays in php are really ordered key value pairs where if a value is missing it will become a value with a number as key. To get the intuitive first dimension of an array use a map with function to determine if a key is in fact an index.


This

<?php
$array_first
= array_map(
fn (
$key)=>
is_int($key)?$array[$key]:$key
,
array_keys($array)
);
print_r($array_first);
?>


will show

Array


(
[0] => element0
[1] => element1
[2] => element2
[3] => element3
)

However in a niche case


<?php
$array
= [
'element0',
'element1' => 'Hello World',
'element2' => 42,
'element3' => [ 'aaa', 'bbb' ],
12 => 'I\'m a field, not a key'
];
?>
this won't work of course and output
Array
(
[0] => element0
[1] => element1
[2] => element2
[3] => element3
[4] => I'm a field, not a key
)
qeremy [atta] gmail [dotta] com

13 years ago

Simple ways to prefixing arrays;

<?php
function array_keys_prefix($arr, $pref = "") {
$rarr = array();
foreach (
$arr as $key => $val) {
$rarr[$pref.$key] = $val;
}
return
$rarr;
}

function

array_keys_prefix_multi($arr, $pref = "") {
$rarr = array();
foreach (
$arr as $key => $val) {
$rarr[] = array_keys_prefix($val, $pref);
}
return
$rarr;
}
$a = array("foo" => "FOO", "bar" => "BAR", "baz" => array(1,2,3));
print_r(array_keys_prefix($a, "my_"));$products = array(
array(
"id" => 1, "name" => "Foo"),
array(
"id" => 2, "name" => "Bar")
);
print_r(array_keys_prefix_multi($products, "product_"));
?>


Array
(
[my_foo] => FOO
[my_bar] => BAR
[my_baz] => Array
(
[0] => 1
[1] => 2
[2] => 3
)

)


Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[product_id] => 1
[product_name] => Foo
)

[1] => Array


(
[product_id] => 2
[product_name] => Bar
)

)

glennh at webadept dot net

22 years ago

All the cool notes are gone from the site.

Here's an example of how to get all the variables passed to your program using the method on this page. This prints them out so you can see what you are doing.

<?php
while (list($key, $value) = each
(${"HTTP_".$REQUEST_METHOD."_VARS"}))
{
echo
$key." = ".$value." ";
}
?>

neil at 11 out of 10

17 years ago

<?phpfunction array_value_intersect_keys( $array_haystack, $array_needle ){
$intersected = array_intersect( $array_haystack, $array_needle );
return
array_keys( $intersected );
}
$array_haystack = array( 1 => 2, 2 => 5, 'red' => 8, 9 => 14 );$array_needle = array( 2, 8 );$array_keys_of_intersecting_values = array_value_intersect_keys( $array_haystack, $array_needle );print_r( $array_keys_of_intersecting_values );
?>

returns
Array
(
[0] => 1
[1] => red
)

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