The index of refraction is defined by
(1)where c is the speed of light and is the phase velocity. It gives the amount of refraction which takes place for light passing from one medium to another. A complex index of refraction can be defined for substances which absorb as well as refract as
(2)where k is the wavenumber, is the angular frequency, is the electric permittivity, and is the electrical conductivity.
Cauchy's Formula, Dielectric, Dielectric Constant, Dispersion, Electric Permittivity, Ewald-Oseen Extinction Theorem, Kronig-Kramers Relations, Magnetic Permeability, Maxwell Relation--Index of Refraction, Refraction, Refractivity, Relative Permeability, Snell's Law, Stress Refringence
Bekefi, G. and Barrett, A. H. "Waves in Dielectrics." §6.5 in Electromagnetic Vibrations, Waves, and Radiation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 426-440, 1987.
Smith, D. R. and Kroll, N. "Negative Refractive Index in Left-Handed Materials." Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2933-2936, 2000.
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