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Resolve[expr]
attempts to resolve expr into a form that eliminates ForAll and Exists quantifiers.
Details and OptionsProve that the unit disk is nonempty:
Find the conditions for a quadratic form over the reals to be positive:
Find conditions for a quadratic to have at least two distinct complex roots:
Find the projection of a geometric region:
Scope (52) Complex Domain (6)Decide the existence of solutions of a univariate polynomial equation:
Decide the existence of solutions of a multivariate polynomial system:
Decide the truth value of fully quantified polynomial formulas:
Find conditions under which a polynomial equation has solutions:
Find conditions under which a polynomial system has solutions:
Find conditions under which a quantified polynomial formula is true:
Real Domain (18)Decide the existence of solutions of a univariate polynomial equation:
Decide the existence of solutions of a univariate polynomial inequality:
Decide the existence of solutions of a multivariate polynomial system:
Decide the truth value of fully quantified polynomial formulas:
Decide the existence of solutions of an exp-log equation:
Decide the existence of solutions of an exp-log inequality:
Decide the existence of solutions of an elementary function equation in a bounded interval:
Decide the existence of solutions of a holomorphic function equation in a bounded interval:
Decide the existence of solutions of a periodic elementary function equation:
Fully quantified formulas exp-log in the first variable and polynomial in the other variables:
Fully quantified formulas elementary and bounded in the first variable:
Fully quantified formulas holomorphic and bounded in the first variable:
Find conditions under which a linear system has solutions:
Find conditions under which a quadratic system has solutions:
Find conditions under which a polynomial system has solutions:
Find conditions under which a formula linear in quantified variables is true:
Find conditions under which a formula quadratic in quantified variables is true:
Find conditions under which a quantified polynomial formula is true:
Integer Domain (10)Decide the existence of solutions of a linear system of equations:
Decide the existence of solutions of a linear system of equations and inequalities:
Decide the existence of solutions of a univariate polynomial equation:
Decide the existence of solutions of a univariate polynomial inequality:
Decide the existence of solutions of Frobenius equations:
Decide the existence of solutions of binary quadratic equations:
Decide the existence of solutions of a Thue equation:
Decide the existence of solutions of a sum of squares equation:
Decide the existence of solutions of a bounded system of equations and inequalities:
Decide the existence of solutions of a system of congruences:
Boolean Domain (2)Decide the satisfiability of a Boolean formula:
Find conditions under which a quantified Boolean formula is true:
Finite Field Domains (5)Decide the existence of solutions of univariate equations:
Verify that a univariate equation is satisfied by all field elements:
Decide the existence of solutions of systems of linear equations:
Decide the existence of solutions of systems of polynomial equations:
Mixed Domains (3)Decide the existence of solutions of an equation involving a real and a complex variable:
Decide the existence of solutions of an inequality involving Abs[x]:
Find under what conditions a fourth power of a complex number is real:
Geometric Regions (8)Project a cone to the - plane:
A parametrically defined region:
Regions dependent on parameters:
The conditions on indicate when the line intersects the circle:
Options (4) Backsubstitution (1)Here the solutions for x are expressed in terms of y:
With Backsubstitution->True, Resolve gives explicit numeric values for x:
Cubics (1)By default, Resolve does not use general formulas for solving cubics in radicals:
With Cubics->True, Resolve expresses roots of cubics in terms of radicals:
Quartics (1)By default, Resolve does not use general formulas for solving quartics in radicals:
With Quartics->True, Resolve expresses roots of quartics in terms of radicals:
WorkingPrecision (1)This computation takes a long time due to high degrees of algebraic numbers involved:
With WorkingPrecision->100 you get an answer faster, but it may be incorrect:
Applications (9) Polynomials (2)Find conditions for a quintic to have all roots equal:
Find conditions for a quadratic to be always positive:
Theorem Proving (3)Prove the inequality between the arithmetic mean and the geometric mean:
Prove a special case of Hölder's inequality:
Prove a special case of Minkowski's inequality:
Geometry (4)The region is a subset of , if is true. Show that Disk[{0,0},{2,1}] is a subset of Rectangle[{-2,-1},{2,1}]:
Show that Cylinder[]⊆Ball[{0,0,0},2]:
A region is disjoint from if . Show that Circle[{0,0},2] and Disk[{0,0},1] are disjoint:
There are no points in the intersection, so they are disjoint:
A region intersects if . Show that Circle[{0,0},1] intersects Disk[{1/2,0},1]:
There are points in the intersection:
Properties & Relations (5)For fully quantified systems of equations and inequalities, Resolve is equivalent to Reduce:
A solution instance can be found with FindInstance:
For systems with free variables, Resolve may return an unsolved system:
Reduce eliminates quantifiers and solves the resulting system:
Eliminate can be used to eliminate variables from systems of complex polynomial equations:
Resolve gives the same equations, but may also give inequations:
Find a formula description of a TransformedRegion:
Compute a formula description of using RegionMember:
Check that the formulas are equivalent:
Resolve shows that the polynomial is non-negative:
Use PolynomialSumOfSquaresList to represent as a sum of squares:
The Motzkin polynomial is non-negative, but is not a sum of squares:
Possible Issues (1)Because x appears in an inequality, it is assumed to be real:
This allows complex values of x for which both sides of the inequality are real:
Wolfram Research (2003), Resolve, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Resolve.html (updated 2024). TextWolfram Research (2003), Resolve, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Resolve.html (updated 2024).
CMSWolfram Language. 2003. "Resolve." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2024. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Resolve.html.
APAWolfram Language. (2003). Resolve. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Resolve.html
BibTeX@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_resolve, author="Wolfram Research", title="{Resolve}", year="2024", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Resolve.html}", note=[Accessed: 12-July-2025 ]}
BibLaTeX@online{reference.wolfram_2025_resolve, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={Resolve}, year={2024}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Resolve.html}, note=[Accessed: 12-July-2025 ]}
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