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Showing content from http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-checkstyle-plugin/usage.html below:

Apache Maven Checkstyle Plugin – Usage

The following examples describe the basic usage of the Checkstyle Plugin.

To generate the Checkstyle report as part of the Project Reports, add the Checkstyle Plugin in the <reporting> section of your pom.xml.

<project>
  ...
   <reporting>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
          <artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.6.0</version>
          <reportSets>
            <reportSet>
              <reports>
                <report>checkstyle</report>
              </reports>
            </reportSet>
          </reportSets>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </reporting>
  ...
</project>

Then, execute the site phase to generate the report.

You can also generate the Checkstyle report by explicitly executing the checkstyle:checkstyle goal from the command line. You are not required to specify the Checkstyle Plugin in your pom.xml unless you want to use a specific configuration.

mvn checkstyle:checkstyle

If you want to report to the console or fail the build, you must add an execution of checkstyle::check to the <build> element and configure any options that you need.

Options you set in the <reporting> element do not have any effect on executions in the <build> element.

Note that the phase that checkstyle::check is bound to is very important. If bound to the validate phase, it would check the code prior to compiling the code. If the code is invalid, the parsing errors reported by checkstyle may be different than what would be expected from the javac compiler. However, it's guaranteed to run. Another popular option is to bind it to the verify phase which would run much later (and allow the javac compiler to flag invalid code prior to checkstyle). However, if developers generally just use "mvn test" prior to pushing changes, checkstyle would not run as verify occurs after the test phase.

For example:

 <plugin>
   <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
   <artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
   <version>3.6.0</version>
   <configuration>
     <configLocation>checkstyle.xml</configLocation>
     <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
     <consoleOutput>true</consoleOutput>
     <failsOnError>true</failsOnError>
     <linkXRef>false</linkXRef>
   </configuration>
   <executions>
     <execution>
       <id>validate</id>
       <phase>validate</phase>
       <goals>
         <goal>check</goal>
       </goals>
     </execution>
   </executions>
 </plugin>

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