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Data.Char

data Char Source

The character type Char is an enumeration whose values represent Unicode (or equivalently ISO/IEC 10646) characters (see http://www.unicode.org/ for details). This set extends the ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) character set (the first 256 characters), which is itself an extension of the ASCII character set (the first 128 characters). A character literal in Haskell has type Char.

To convert a Char to or from the corresponding Int value defined by Unicode, use toEnum and fromEnum from the Enum class respectively (or equivalently ord and chr).

Unicode characters are divided into letters, numbers, marks, punctuation, symbols, separators (including spaces) and others (including control characters).

isControl :: Char -> BoolSource

Selects control characters, which are the non-printing characters of the Latin-1 subset of Unicode.

isUpper :: Char -> BoolSource

Selects upper-case or title-case alphabetic Unicode characters (letters). Title case is used by a small number of letter ligatures like the single-character form of Lj.

isAlpha :: Char -> BoolSource

Selects alphabetic Unicode characters (lower-case, upper-case and title-case letters, plus letters of caseless scripts and modifiers letters). This function is equivalent to isLetter.

isAlphaNum :: Char -> BoolSource

Selects alphabetic or numeric digit Unicode characters.

Note that numeric digits outside the ASCII range are selected by this function but not by isDigit. Such digits may be part of identifiers but are not used by the printer and reader to represent numbers.

isPrint :: Char -> BoolSource

Selects printable Unicode characters (letters, numbers, marks, punctuation, symbols and spaces).

isLetter :: Char -> BoolSource

Selects alphabetic Unicode characters (lower-case, upper-case and title-case letters, plus letters of caseless scripts and modifiers letters). This function is equivalent to isAlpha.

isMark :: Char -> BoolSource

Selects Unicode mark characters, e.g. accents and the like, which combine with preceding letters.

isNumber :: Char -> BoolSource

Selects Unicode numeric characters, including digits from various scripts, Roman numerals, etc.

isPunctuation :: Char -> BoolSource

Selects Unicode punctuation characters, including various kinds of connectors, brackets and quotes.

isSymbol :: Char -> BoolSource

Selects Unicode symbol characters, including mathematical and currency symbols.

isAscii :: Char -> BoolSource

Selects the first 128 characters of the Unicode character set, corresponding to the ASCII character set.

isLatin1 :: Char -> BoolSource

Selects the first 256 characters of the Unicode character set, corresponding to the ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) character set.

data GeneralCategory Source

Unicode General Categories (column 2 of the UnicodeData table) in the order they are listed in the Unicode standard.

Constructors

Lu: Letter, Uppercase

Ll: Letter, Lowercase

Lt: Letter, Titlecase

Lm: Letter, Modifier

Lo: Letter, Other

Mn: Mark, Non-Spacing

Mc: Mark, Spacing Combining

Me: Mark, Enclosing

Nd: Number, Decimal

Nl: Number, Letter

No: Number, Other

Pc: Punctuation, Connector

Pd: Punctuation, Dash

Ps: Punctuation, Open

Pe: Punctuation, Close

Pi: Punctuation, Initial quote

Pf: Punctuation, Final quote

Po: Punctuation, Other

Sm: Symbol, Math

Sc: Symbol, Currency

Sk: Symbol, Modifier

So: Symbol, Other

Zs: Separator, Space

Zl: Separator, Line

Zp: Separator, Paragraph

Cc: Other, Control

Cf: Other, Format

Cs: Other, Surrogate

Co: Other, Private Use

Cn: Other, Not Assigned

toUpper :: Char -> CharSource

Convert a letter to the corresponding upper-case letter, if any. Any other character is returned unchanged.

toLower :: Char -> CharSource

Convert a letter to the corresponding lower-case letter, if any. Any other character is returned unchanged.

toTitle :: Char -> CharSource

Convert a letter to the corresponding title-case or upper-case letter, if any. (Title case differs from upper case only for a small number of ligature letters.) Any other character is returned unchanged.

digitToInt :: Char -> IntSource

Convert a single digit Char to the corresponding Int. This function fails unless its argument satisfies isHexDigit, but recognises both upper and lower-case hexadecimal digits (i.e. '0'..'9', 'a'..'f', 'A'..'F').

intToDigit :: Int -> CharSource

Convert an Int in the range 0..15 to the corresponding single digit Char. This function fails on other inputs, and generates lower-case hexadecimal digits.

showLitChar :: Char -> ShowSSource

Convert a character to a string using only printable characters, using Haskell source-language escape conventions. For example:

 showLitChar '\n' s  =  "\\n" ++ s

lexLitChar :: ReadS StringSource

Read a string representation of a character, using Haskell source-language escape conventions. For example:

 lexLitChar  "\\nHello"  =  [("\\n", "Hello")]

readLitChar :: ReadS CharSource

Read a string representation of a character, using Haskell source-language escape conventions, and convert it to the character that it encodes. For example:

 readLitChar "\\nHello"  =  [('\n', "Hello")]

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