int wctomb( char *s, wchar_t wc );
(1)errno_t wctomb_s( int *restrict status, char *restrict s, rsize_t ssz, wchar_t wc );
(2) (since C11)1) Converts a wide character wc to multibyte encoding and stores it (including any shift sequences) in the char array whose first element is pointed to by s. No more than MB_CUR_MAX characters are stored. The conversion is affected by the current locale's LC_CTYPE category.
If wc is the null character, the null byte is written to s, preceded by any shift sequences necessary to restore the initial shift state.
If s is a null pointer, this function resets the global conversion state and determines whether shift sequences are used.
Same as
(1), except that the result is returned in the out-parameter
status
and the following errors are detected at runtime and call the currently installed
constraint handlerfunction:
ssz is less than the number of bytes that would be written (unless s is null)ssz is greater than RSIZE_MAX (unless s is null)s is a null pointer but ssz is not zerowctomb_s is only guaranteed to be available if __STDC_LIB_EXT1__ is defined by the implementation and if the user defines __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__ to the integer constant 1 before including <stdlib.h>.
Each call to wctomb updates the internal global conversion state (a static object of type mbstate_t, known only to this function). If the multibyte encoding uses shift states, this function is not reentrant. In any case, multiple threads should not call wctomb without synchronization: wcrtomb or wctomb_s may be used instead.
Unlike most bounds-checked functions, wctomb_s does not null-terminate its output, because it is designed to be used in loops that process strings character-by-character.
s (size of the array s) status - pointer to an out-parameter where the result (length of the multibyte sequence or the shift sequence status) will be stored [edit] Return value
1) If s is not a null pointer, returns the number of bytes that are contained in the multibyte representation of wc or -1 if wc is not a valid character.
If s is a null pointer, resets its internal conversion state to represent the initial shift state and returns â0â if the current multibyte encoding is not state-dependent (does not use shift sequences) or a non-zero value if the current multibyte encoding is state-dependent (uses shift sequences).
zero on success, in which case the multibyte representation of
wc
is stored in
s
and its length is stored in
*status, or, if
s
is null, the shift sequence status is stored in
status
). Non-zero on encoding error or runtime constraint violation, in which case
(size_t)-1is stored in
*status. The value stored in
*statusnever exceeds
MB_CUR_MAX [edit] Example#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <locale.h>
void demo(wchar_t wc)
{
const char* dep = wctomb(NULL, wc) ? "Yes" : "No";
printf("State-dependent encoding? %s.\n", dep);
char mb[MB_CUR_MAX];
int len = wctomb(mb, wc);
printf("wide char '%lc' -> multibyte char [", wc);
for (int idx = 0; idx < len; ++idx)
printf("%s%#2x", idx ? " " : "", (unsigned char)mb[idx]);
printf("]\n");
}
int main(void)
{
setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");
printf("MB_CUR_MAX = %zu\n", MB_CUR_MAX);
demo(L'A');
demo(L'\u00df');
demo(L'\U0001d10b');
}
Possible output:
MB_CUR_MAX = 6 State-dependent encoding? No. wide char 'A' -> multibyte char [0x41] State-dependent encoding? No. wide char 'Ã' -> multibyte char [0xc3 0x9f] State-dependent encoding? No. wide char 'ð' -> multibyte char [0xf0 0x9d 0x84 0x8b][edit] References
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