2. Using the Tutorial Examples
3. Getting Started with Web Applications
4. JavaServer Faces Technology
Immediate and Deferred Evaluation Syntax
Referencing Objects Using Value Expressions
Referring to Object Properties Using Value Expressions
Where Value Expressions Can Be Used
7. Using JavaServer Faces Technology in Web Pages
8. Using Converters, Listeners, and Validators
9. Developing with JavaServer Faces Technology
10. JavaServer Faces Technology: Advanced Concepts
11. Using Ajax with JavaServer Faces Technology
12. Composite Components: Advanced Topics and Example
13. Creating Custom UI Components and Other Custom Objects
14. Configuring JavaServer Faces Applications
16. Uploading Files with Java Servlet Technology
17. Internationalizing and Localizing Web Applications
18. Introduction to Web Services
19. Building Web Services with JAX-WS
20. Building RESTful Web Services with JAX-RS
21. JAX-RS: Advanced Topics and Example
23. Getting Started with Enterprise Beans
24. Running the Enterprise Bean Examples
25. A Message-Driven Bean Example
26. Using the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container
27. Using Asynchronous Method Invocation in Session Beans
Part V Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform
28. Introduction to Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform
29. Running the Basic Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples
30. Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform: Advanced Topics
31. Running the Advanced Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples
32. Introduction to the Java Persistence API
33. Running the Persistence Examples
34. The Java Persistence Query Language
35. Using the Criteria API to Create Queries
36. Creating and Using String-Based Criteria Queries
37. Controlling Concurrent Access to Entity Data with Locking
38. Using a Second-Level Cache with Java Persistence API Applications
39. Introduction to Security in the Java EE Platform
40. Getting Started Securing Web Applications
41. Getting Started Securing Enterprise Applications
42. Java EE Security: Advanced Topics
Part VIII Java EE Supporting Technologies
43. Introduction to Java EE Supporting Technologies
45. Resources and Resource Adapters
46. The Resource Adapter Example
47. Java Message Service Concepts
48. Java Message Service Examples
49. Bean Validation: Advanced Topics
50. Using Java EE Interceptors
51. Duke's Bookstore Case Study Example
52. Duke's Tutoring Case Study Example
53. Duke's Forest Case Study Example
Literal ExpressionsA literal expression is evaluated to the text of the expression, which is of type String. A literal expression does not use the ${} or #{} delimiters.
If you have a literal expression that includes the reserved ${} or #{} syntax, you need to escape these characters as follows:
By creating a composite expression as shown here:
${'${'}exprA}
#{'#{'}exprB}
The resulting values would then be the strings ${exprA} and #{exprB}.
By using the escape characters \$ and \# to escape what would otherwise be treated as an eval-expression:
\${exprA}
\#{exprB}
The resulting values would again be the strings ${exprA} and #{exprB}.
When a literal expression is evaluated, it can be converted to another type. Table 6-2 shows examples of various literal expressions and their expected types and resulting values.
Table 6-2 Literal Expressions
Expression
Expected Type
Result
Hi
String
Hi
true
Boolean
Boolean.TRUE
42
int
42
Literal expressions can be evaluated immediately or deferred and can be either value or method expressions. At what point a literal expression is evaluated depends on where it is being used. If the tag attribute that uses the literal expression is defined to accept a deferred value expression, when referencing a value, the literal expression is evaluated at a point in the lifecycle that is determined by other factors, such as where the expression is being used and to what it is referring.
In the case of a method expression, the method that is referenced is invoked and returns the specified String literal. For example, the h:commandButton tag of the guessnumber application uses a literal method expression as a logical outcome to tell the JavaServer Faces navigation system which page to display next.
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