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Experimental: This is an experimental technology
Check the Browser compatibility table carefully before using this in production.
The Temporal.Instant
object represents a unique point in time, with nanosecond precision. It is fundamentally represented as the number of nanoseconds since the Unix epoch (midnight at the beginning of January 1, 1970, UTC), without any time zone or calendar system.
Temporal.Instant
is semantically the same as Date
. They both encapsulate a single point in time, but Temporal.Instant
is more precise because it stores nanoseconds rather than milliseconds. Temporal.Instant
also avoids pitfalls of Date
because it does not assume any calendar or time zone informationâif you want to read any date or time information such as year or month, you need to convert it to a Temporal.ZonedDateTime
first, using toZonedDateTimeISO()
.
You can convert from Date
to Temporal.Instant
using the Date.prototype.toTemporalInstant()
method, which should be preferred over other methods such as Temporal.Instant.fromEpochMilliseconds()
because the former involves less user code and may be more optimized. You can also convert from Temporal.Instant
to Date
using its epoch milliseconds, such as new Date(instant.epochMilliseconds)
.
Instant
objects can be serialized and parsed using the RFC 9557 format, an extension to the ISO 8601 / RFC 3339 format. The string has the following form (spaces are only for readability and should not be present in the actual string):
YYYY-MM-DD T HH:mm:ss.sssssssss Z/±HH:mm
YYYY
Either a four-digit number, or a six-digit number with a +
or -
sign.
MM
A two-digit number from 01
to 12
.
DD
A two-digit number from 01
to 31
. The YYYY
, MM
, and DD
components can be separated by -
or nothing.
T
The date-time separator, which can be T
, t
, or a space.
HH
A two-digit number from 00
to 23
.
mm
Optional
A two-digit number from 00
to 59
. Defaults to 00
.
ss.sssssssss
Optional
A two-digit number from 00
to 59
. May optionally be followed by a .
or ,
and one to nine digits. Defaults to 00
. The HH
, mm
, and ss
components can be separated by :
or nothing. You can omit either just ss
or both ss
and mm
, so the time can be one of three forms: HH
, HH:mm
, or HH:mm:ss.sssssssss
.
Z/±HH:mm
Either the UTC designator Z
or z
, or an offset from UTC in the form +
or -
followed by the same format as the time component. Note that subminute precision (:ss.sssssssss
) may be unsupported by other systems, and is accepted but never output. If an offset is provided, the time is interpreted in the specified offset.
As an input, you may optionally include the time zone identifier and calendar, in the same format as ZonedDateTime
, but they will be ignored. Other annotations in the [key=value]
format are also ignored, and they must not have the critical flag.
When serializing, you can configure the fractional second digits and offset.
ConstructorTemporal.Instant()
Experimental
Creates a new Temporal.Instant
object by directly supplying the underlying data.
Temporal.Instant.compare()
Experimental
Returns a number (-1, 0, or 1) indicating whether the first instant comes before, is the same as, or comes after the second instant. Equivalent to comparing the epochNanoseconds
of the two instants.
Temporal.Instant.from()
Experimental
Creates a new Temporal.Instant
object from another Temporal.Instant
object, or an RFC 9557 string.
Temporal.Instant.fromEpochMilliseconds()
Experimental
Creates a new Temporal.Instant
object from the number of milliseconds since the Unix epoch (midnight at the beginning of January 1, 1970, UTC).
Temporal.Instant.fromEpochNanoseconds()
Experimental
Creates a new Temporal.Instant
object from the number of nanoseconds since the Unix epoch (midnight at the beginning of January 1, 1970, UTC).
These properties are defined on Temporal.Instant.prototype
and shared by all Temporal.Instant
instances.
Temporal.Instant.prototype.constructor
The constructor function that created the instance object. For Temporal.Instant
instances, the initial value is the Temporal.Instant()
constructor.
Temporal.Instant.prototype.epochMilliseconds
Experimental
Returns an integer representing the number of milliseconds elapsed since the Unix epoch (midnight at the beginning of January 1, 1970, UTC) to this instant. Equivalent to dividing epochNanoseconds
by 1e6
and flooring it.
Temporal.Instant.prototype.epochNanoseconds
Experimental
Returns a BigInt
representing the number of nanoseconds since the Unix epoch (midnight at the beginning of January 1, 1970, UTC) to this instant.
Temporal.Instant.prototype[Symbol.toStringTag]
The initial value of the [Symbol.toStringTag]
property is the string "Temporal.Instant"
. This property is used in Object.prototype.toString()
.
Temporal.Instant.prototype.add()
Experimental
Returns a new Temporal.Instant
object representing this instant moved forward by a given duration (in a form convertible by Temporal.Duration.from()
).
Temporal.Instant.prototype.equals()
Experimental
Returns true
if this instant is equivalent in value to another instant (in a form convertible by Temporal.Instant.from()
), and false
otherwise. They are compared by their epoch nanoseconds. Equivalent to Temporal.Instant.compare(this, other) === 0
.
Temporal.Instant.prototype.round()
Experimental
Returns a new Temporal.Instant
object representing this instant rounded to the given unit.
Temporal.Instant.prototype.since()
Experimental
Returns a new Temporal.Duration
object representing the duration from another instant (in a form convertible by Temporal.Instant.from()
) to this instant. The duration is positive if the other instant is before this instant, and negative if after.
Temporal.Instant.prototype.subtract()
Experimental
Returns a new Temporal.Instant
object representing this instant moved backward by a given duration (in a form convertible by Temporal.Duration.from()
).
Temporal.Instant.prototype.toJSON()
Experimental
Returns a string representing this instant in the same RFC 9557 format as calling toString()
. Intended to be implicitly called by JSON.stringify()
.
Temporal.Instant.prototype.toLocaleString()
Experimental
Returns a string with a language-sensitive representation of this instant. In implementations with Intl.DateTimeFormat
API support, this method delegates to Intl.DateTimeFormat
.
Temporal.Instant.prototype.toString()
Experimental
Returns a string representing this instant in the RFC 9557 format using the specified time zone.
Temporal.Instant.prototype.toZonedDateTimeISO()
Experimental
Returns a new Temporal.ZonedDateTime
object representing this instant in the specified time zone using the ISO 8601 calendar system.
Temporal.Instant.prototype.until()
Experimental
Returns a new Temporal.Duration
object representing the duration from this instant to another instant (in a form convertible by Temporal.Instant.from()
). The duration is positive if the other instant is after this instant, and negative if before.
Temporal.Instant.prototype.valueOf()
Experimental
Throws a TypeError
, which prevents Temporal.Instant
instances from being implicitly converted to primitives when used in arithmetic or comparison operations.
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