This repository contains an R package that implements Species Distribution Modeling methods which work even when there are relatively few occurrence records (as is the case for poorly-sample or range-restricted species). These methods were primarily developed by the Drake lab, and include three types of methods: 1) Plug-and-play models, 2) environmental-range models, and 3) density-ratio models. Most of the important functions in this package are wrappers around existing functions that handle density estimation or density-ratio estimation. Much of this code was created by modifying existing code at https://github.com/DrakeLab/PlugNPlay in order to make functions more modular and extensible.
How it worksThe package is build on a hierarchy of modular functions, each of which calls on lower-level functions:
make_range_map
and evaluate_range_map
, which are wrappers forâ¦fit_plug_and_play
, fit_density_ratio
, project_plug_and_play
, and project_density_ratio
, which are wrappers for â¦pnp_kde
or dr_ulsif
. These modules both model the environmental covariates and predict values at environmental covariates from fitted models. These modules are largely wrappers around existing functions for fitting density functions or density-ratios. Modules beginning with âpnp_â pertain to density functions while models beginning with âdr_â pertain to density ratio functions.This hierarchical structure built on low-level internal modules is designed to allow for the easy addition of new methods by adding small, self-contained modules. The highest-level functions are intended only for quick-and-dirty analyses or quick visualizations. We recommend that users focus on the âfitâ and âprojectâ functions for work intended for publication.
What is Plug-and-Play?In general usage, the term plug-and-play (PNP) refers to software or hardware that can be connected without any additional setup or configuration. In the context of species distribution models, plug-and-play is a framework developed by Drake and Richards (https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecs2.2373) that recognizes that species distribution models can be constructed by âplugging inâ any methods that can estimate density functions.
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