Simulate and analyze hierarchical composite endpoints. Includes implementation for the kidney hierarchical composite endpoint as defined in Heerspink HL et al (2023) âDevelopment and validation of a new hierarchical composite end point for clinical trials of kidney disease progressionâ (Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 34 (2): 2025â2038, <doi:10.1681/ASN.0000000000000243>). Win odds, also called Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney or success odds, is the main analysis method. Other win statistics (win probability, win ratio, net benefit) are also implemented in the univariate case, provided there is no censoring. The win probability analysis is based on the Brunner-Munzel test and uses the DeLong-DeLong-Clarke-Pearson variance estimator, as described by Brunner and Konietschke (2025) in âAn unbiased rank-based estimator of the MannâWhitney variance including the case of tiesâ (Statistical Papers 66 (1): 20, <doi:10.1007/s00362-024-01635-0>). Stratification and covariate adjustment are performed based on the methodology presented by Koch GG et al. in âIssues for covariance analysis of dichotomous and ordered categorical data from randomized clinical trials and non-parametric strategies for addressing themâ (Statistics in Medicine 17 (15-16): 1863â92). For a review, see Gasparyan SB et al (2021) âAdjusted win ratio with stratification: Calculation methods and interpretationâ (Statistical Methods in Medical Research 30 (2): 580â611, <doi:10.1177/0962280220942558>).
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