Ethernet standards refer to specifications defined by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) that outline how Ethernet networks function. These standards dictate the properties, functions, and implementations of various media types used for data transmission over networks.
There are various types of media. A media type can provide different transmission speeds on different types of implementations. An Ethernet standard describes a specific media type's properties, functions, and implementation.
Ethernet TerminologyAn Ethernet standard includes transmission speed, type of transmission, and length or type of cabling. For example, the term '100BaseT' describes the following: -
100: - This indicates that this media's standard data transmission speed is 100 Mbps.
Base: - This indicates that this media uses a baseband technology for transmission.
T: - This indicates that this media uses twisted-pair cabling.
This standard is also known as ThinNet. It uses coaxial cabling. It provides a speed of 10 Mbps. It supports a maximum length of 200 meters. This standard is outdated and no longer used in modern networks.
10Base5This standard is also known as ThickNet. It also uses coaxial cabling and provides a speed of 10 Mbps. It supports a maximum length of 500 meters. This standard is also outdated and no longer used in modern networks.
10BaseT10BaseT is one of the most common Ethernet standards used in Ethernet networks. It uses UTP (Cat3 or higher) cables and Hubs. Hubs use a physical star topology and a logical bus topology. Hubs repeat and forward signals to all nodes. Because of Hubs, the 10BaseT networks are slow and susceptible to collisions.
This standard also specifies a rule about how many Hubs you can use in a network. This rule says you can place a maximum of four hubs between communicating workstations. This rule ensures that all stations on the network can detect a collision. Due to the slow data transmission speed and collision, modern networks do not use the 10BaseT standard.
10BaseF10BaseF is an implementation of 10BaseT over fibre optic cabling. It offers only 10 Mbps speed, even though the fibre optic media has the capacity for much faster data rates. Due to the slow data transmission speed and expensive cabling, it is also not used in modern networks.
100BaseT4It is the upgraded version of 10BaseT over Cat3 cables. It provides a speed of 100 Mbps. It uses four pairs of twisted wires. It works in half-duplex mode.
100BaseTX100BaseTX is also known as Fast Ethernet. It transmits data at a speed of 100 Mbps. Fast Ethernet works nearly identically to 10BaseT, including that it has a physical star topology using a logical bus. 100BaseTX requires Cat5 or higher UTP cabling. It uses two of the four-wire pairs: one to transmit data and the other to receive data.
100BaseFX100BaseFX is known as Fast Ethernet over fibre. 100BaseFX runs over multimode fibre cables. Multimode fibre optic cables use an LED to transmit data and are thick enough that the light signals bounce off the walls of the fibre. The dispersion of the signal limits the length of the multimode fibre.
1000BaseT1000BaseT is also known as Gigabit Ethernet. It uses Cat5 or higher grade UTP cable. It uses all four pairs of the cable. It uses a physical star topology with a logical bus. There is also 1000BaseF, which runs over multimode fibre optic cabling. It supports both the full-duplex and half-duplex modes of data transmission.
10GBaseTThis standard is also known as 10 Gigabit Ethernet. It uses Cat6 or higher grade UTP cable. It uses all four pairs of the UTP cable. It provides 10 Gbps speed. It operates only in full-duplex mode.
Due to its high cost, administrators mainly use it in the backbone of a network.
Ethernet standards Standard IEEE documentation Cable Minimum cable grade Speed Maximum distance 10Base5 802.3 Coxial RG-8 10Mbs 500 meter 10Base2 802.3a Coxial RG-58 10Mbps 200 meter 10Base-T 802.3i UTP Cat 3 10 Mbps 100 meters 100BaseT/TX 802.3u UTP Cat 5 100 Mbps 100 meters 100BaseFX 802.3u MMF or SMF N/A 100 Mbps 2 km over MMF, 10 km over SMF 1000BaseT 802.3ab UTP Cat 5 (Cat 5e or 6 preferred) 1000 Mbps 100 meters 10GBaseT 802.3an UTP Cat 6A 10 Gbps 100 meters 100BaseT4 802.3u UTP Cat 3 100 Mbps 100 meters 1000BaseLX 802.3z MMF or SMF N/A 1000 Mbps 550 meters over MMF, 5 km over SMF 1000BaseSX 802.3z MMF N/A 1000 Mbps 550 meters 1000BaseCX 802.3z Twinax N/A 1000 Mbps 25 meters 10GBaseSR, 10GBaseLR, 10GBaseER, 10GBaseSW, 10GBaseLW, 10GBaseEW 802.3ae MMF or SMF N/A 10 Gbps 82 meters to 40 km 40 Gigabit Ethernet 802.3ba MMF, SMF,and copper N/A 40 Gbps 40 km over SMF, 7 meters over copper 100 Gigabit Ethernet 802.3bj and 802.3bm MMF, SMF N/A 100 Gbps 100 km ConclusionThis tutorial described the most common Ethernet standards and their properties. Understanding these standards is essential for network design and implementation, ensuring systems can communicate efficiently and effectively.
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