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Showing content from http://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/composing-objects below:

Compose objects | Cloud Storage

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Overview

This page shows you how to compose Cloud Storage objects into a single object. A compose request takes between 1 and 32 objects and creates a new, composite object. The composite object is a concatenation of the source objects in the order they were specified in the request.

Note the following when composing objects:

• The source objects are unaffected by the composition process. If they are meant to be temporary, you must delete them once you've successfully completed the composition.

• Because other storage classes are subject to early deletion fees, you should always use Standard storage for temporary objects.
• Frequent deletions associated with compose can increase your storage bill significantly if your bucket has data protection features enabled. Consider disabling soft delete on buckets with high rates of compose operations. With Object Versioning, specify the object versions when deleting source objects to permanently delete them and avoid their becoming noncurrent objects.

To get the permissions that you need to compose objects, ask your administrator to grant you the Storage Object User (roles/storage.objectUser) IAM role on the bucket. This predefined role contains the permissions required to compose objects. To see the exact permissions that are required, expand the Required permissions section:

• storage.objects.create
• storage.objects.delete
  • This permission is only required if you want to give the object you compose the same name as an object that already exists in the bucket.
• storage.objects.get
• storage.objects.list
  • This permission is only required if you want to use wildcards to compose objects with a common prefix without having to list each object separately in your Google Cloud CLI command.

If you want to set a retention configuration for the object you compose, you'll also need the storage.objects.setRetention permission. To get this permission, ask your administrator to grant you the Storage Object Admin (roles/storage.objectAdmin) role instead of the Storage Object User (roles/storage.objectUser) role.

You can also get these permissions with other predefined roles or custom roles.

For information about granting roles on buckets, see Use IAM with buckets.

Use the gcloud storage objects compose command:

gcloud storage objects compose gs://BUCKET_NAME/SOURCE_OBJECT_1 gs://BUCKET_NAME/SOURCE_OBJECT_2 gs://BUCKET_NAME/COMPOSITE_OBJECT_NAME

Where:

• BUCKET_NAME is the name of the bucket that contains the source objects.
• SOURCE_OBJECT_1 and SOURCE_OBJECT_2 are the names of the source objects to use in the object composition.
• COMPOSITE_OBJECT_NAME is the name you are giving to the result of the object composition.

For more information, see the Cloud Storage C++ API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

For more information, see the Cloud Storage C# API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

For more information, see the Cloud Storage Go API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

For more information, see the Cloud Storage Java API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

For more information, see the Cloud Storage Node.js API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

For more information, see the Cloud Storage PHP API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

For more information, see the Cloud Storage Python API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

For more information, see the Cloud Storage Ruby API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Cloud Storage, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

• Learn more about object composition.
• Learn how to use request preconditions to prevent race conditions.

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.

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