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Set up a regional internal proxy Network Load Balancer with zonal NEG backends | Load Balancing

The regional internal proxy Network Load Balancer is a proxy-based regional Layer 4 load balancer that lets you run and scale your TCP service traffic behind an internal IP address that is accessible only to clients in the same VPC network or clients connected to your VPC network.

This guide contains instructions for setting up a regional internal proxy Network Load Balancer with a zonal network endpoint group (NEG) backend. Before you start:

• Read the Regional internal proxy Network Load Balancer overview
• Read the zonal NEGs overview

In this example, we'll use the load balancer to distribute TCP traffic across backend VMs in two zonal NEGs in the REGION_A region. For purposes of the example, the service is a set of Apache servers configured to respond on port 80.

In this example, you configure the following deployment:

The regional internal proxy Network Load Balancer is a regional load balancer. All load balancer components (backend instance groups, backend service, target proxy, and forwarding rule) must be in the same region.

To follow this guide, you must be able to create instances and modify a network in a project. You must be either a project owner or editor, or you must have all of the following Compute Engine IAM roles:

For more information, see the following guides:

• Access control
• IAM Conditions

You need a VPC network with two subnets: one for the load balancer's backends and the other for the load balancer's proxies. Regional internal proxy Network Load Balancers are regional. Traffic within the VPC network is routed to the load balancer if the traffic's source is in a subnet in the same region as the load balancer.

This example uses the following VPC network, region, and subnets:

• Network. The network is a custom-mode VPC network named lb-network.

• Subnet for backends. A subnet named backend-subnet in the REGION_A region uses 10.1.2.0/24 for its primary IP range.

• Subnet for proxies. A subnet named proxy-only-subnet in the REGION_A region uses 10.129.0.0/23 for its primary IP range.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the VPC networks page.

   Go to VPC networks

2. Click Create VPC network.

3. For the Name, enter lb-network.

4. In the Subnets section:

   • Set the Subnet creation mode to Custom.
   • In the New subnet section, enter the following information:
     • Name: backend-subnet
     • Region: REGION_A
     • IP address range: 10.1.2.0/24
   • Click Done.

5. Click Create.

1. Create the custom VPC network with the gcloud compute networks create command:

   gcloud compute networks create lb-network --subnet-mode=custom
   

2. Create a subnet in the lb-network network in the REGION_A region with the gcloud compute networks subnets create command:

   gcloud compute networks subnets create backend-subnet \
       --network=lb-network \
       --range=10.1.2.0/24 \
       --region=REGION_A
   

A proxy-only subnet provides a set of IP addresses that Google uses to run Envoy proxies on your behalf. The proxies terminate connections from the client and create new connections to the backends.

This proxy-only subnet is used by all Envoy-based load balancers in the REGION_A region of the lb-network VPC network.

If you're using the Google Cloud console, you can wait and create the proxy-only subnet later on the Load balancing page.

If you want to create the proxy-only subnet now, use the following steps:

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the VPC networks page.

   Go to VPC networks

2. Click the name of the Shared VPC network: lb-network.

3. Click Add subnet.

4. For the Name, enter proxy-only-subnet.

5. For the Region, select REGION_A.

6. Set Purpose to Regional Managed Proxy.

7. For the IP address range, enter 10.129.0.0/23.

8. Click Add.

Create the proxy-only subnet with the gcloud compute networks subnets create command.

gcloud compute networks subnets create proxy-only-subnet \
    --purpose=REGIONAL_MANAGED_PROXY \
    --role=ACTIVE \
    --region=REGION_A \
    --network=lb-network \
    --range=10.129.0.0/23

In this example, you create the following firewall rules:

• fw-allow-health-check: An ingress rule, applicable to the Google Cloud instances being load balanced, that allows traffic from the load balancer and Google Cloud health checking systems (130.211.0.0/22 and 35.191.0.0/16). This example uses the target tag allow-health-check to identify the backend VMs to which it should apply.
• fw-allow-ssh: An ingress rule that allows incoming SSH connectivity on TCP port 22 from any address. You can choose a more restrictive source IP range for this rule; for example, you can specify just the IP ranges of the systems from which you will initiate SSH sessions. This example uses the target tag allow-ssh to identify the VMs to which it should apply.

• fw-allow-proxy-only-subnet: Create an ingress allow firewall rule for the proxy-only subnet to allow the load balancer to communicate with backend instances on TCP port 80. This example uses the target tag allow-proxy-only-subnet to identify the backend VMs to which it should apply.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Firewall policies page.

   Go to Firewall policies

2. Click Create firewall rule:

   1. Enter a Name of fw-allow-health-check.
   2. Under Network, select lb-network.
   3. Under Targets, select Specified target tags.
   4. Populate the Target tags field with allow-health-check.
   5. Set Source filter to IPv4 ranges.
   6. Set Source IPv4 ranges to 130.211.0.0/22 and 35.191.0.0/16.
   7. Under Protocols and ports, select Specified protocols and ports.
   8. Select the TCP checkbox and enter 80 for the port numbers.
   9. Click Create.

3. Click Create firewall rule again to create the rule to allow incoming SSH connections:

   • Name: fw-allow-ssh
   • Network: lb-network
   • Priority: 1000
   • Direction of traffic: ingress
   • Action on match: allow
   • Targets: Specified target tags
   • Target tags: allow-ssh
   • Source filter: IPv4 ranges
   • Source IPv4 ranges: 0.0.0.0/0
   • Protocols and ports: Choose Specified protocols and ports then type: tcp:22

4. Click Create.

5. Click Create firewall rule again to create the rule to allow incoming connections from the proxy-only subnet to the Google Cloud backends:

   • Name: fw-allow-proxy-only-subnet
   • Network: lb-network
   • Priority: 1000
   • Direction of traffic: ingress
   • Action on match: allow
   • Targets: Specified target tags
   • Target tags: allow-proxy-only-subnet
   • Source filter: IPv4 ranges
   • Source IPv4 ranges: 10.129.0.0/23
   • Protocols and ports: Choose Specified protocols and ports then type: tcp:80

6. Click Create.

1. Create the fw-allow-health-check rule to allow the Google Cloud health checks to reach the backend instances on a TCP port 80:

   gcloud compute firewall-rules create fw-allow-health-check \
       --network=lb-network \
       --action=allow \
       --direction=ingress \
       --target-tags=allow-health-check \
       --source-ranges=130.211.0.0/22,35.191.0.0/16 \
       --rules=tcp:80
   

2. Create the fw-allow-ssh firewall rule to allow SSH connectivity to VMs with the network tag allow-ssh. When you omit source-ranges, Google Cloud interprets the rule to mean any source.

   gcloud compute firewall-rules create fw-allow-ssh \
       --network=lb-network \
       --action=allow \
       --direction=ingress \
       --target-tags=allow-ssh \
       --rules=tcp:22
   

3. Create an ingress allow firewall rule for the proxy-only subnet to allow the load balancer to communicate with backend instances on TCP port 80:

   gcloud compute firewall-rules create fw-allow-proxy-only-subnet \
       --network=lb-network \
       --action=allow \
       --direction=ingress \
       --target-tags=allow-proxy-only-subnet \
       --source-ranges=10.129.0.0/23 \
       --rules=tcp:80
   

To reserve a static internal IP address for your load balancer, see Reserve a new static internal IPv4 or IPv6 address.

Set up a zonal NEG (with GCE_VM_IP_PORT type endpoints) in the REGION_A region. First create the VMs. Then create a zonal NEG and add the VMs' network endpoints to the NEG.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the VM instances page.

   Go to VM instances

2. Click Create instance.

3. Set the Name to vm-a1.

4. For the Region, select REGION_A.

5. For the Zone, see ZONE_A1.

6. In the Boot disk section, ensure that Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm) is selected for the boot disk options. Click Choose to change the image if necessary.

7. Click Advanced options.

8. Click Networking and configure the following fields:

   1. For Network tags, enter allow-ssh, allow-health-check and allow-proxy-only-subnet.
   2. For Network interfaces, select the following:
      • Network: lb-network
      • Subnet: backend-subnet

9. Click Management. Enter the following script into the Startup script field.

   #! /bin/bash
   apt-get update
   apt-get install apache2 -y
   a2ensite default-ssl
   a2enmod ssl
   vm_hostname="$(curl -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" \
   http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/name)"
   echo "Page served from: $vm_hostname" | \
   tee /var/www/html/index.html
   systemctl restart apache2
   

10. Click Create.

11. Repeat the following steps to create 3 more VMs, using the following name and zone combinations:

    • Name: vm-a2, zone: ZONE_A1
    • Name: vm-c1, zone: ZONE_A2
    • Name: vm-c2, zone: ZONE_A2

Create the VMs by running the following command two times, using these combinations for VM_NAME and ZONE. The script contents are identical for both VMs.

• VM_NAME: vm-a1 and ZONE: ZONE_A1
• VM_NAME: vm-a2 and ZONE: ZONE_A1
• VM_NAME: vm-c1 and ZONE: ZONE_A2

• VM_NAME: vm-c2 and ZONE: ZONE_A2

  gcloud compute instances create VM_NAME \
      --zone=ZONE \
      --image-family=debian-12 \
      --image-project=debian-cloud \
      --tags=allow-ssh,allow-health-check,allow-proxy-only-subnet \
      --subnet=backend-subnet \
      --metadata=startup-script='#! /bin/bash
       apt-get update
       apt-get install apache2 -y
       a2ensite default-ssl
       a2enmod ssl
       vm_hostname="$(curl -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" \
       http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/name)"
       echo "Page served from: $vm_hostname" | \
       tee /var/www/html/index.html
       systemctl restart apache2'
  

To create a zonal network endpoint group:

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Network endpoint groups page.

   Go to Network endpoint groups
   

2. Click Create network endpoint group.

3. For Name, enter zonal-neg-a.

4. For Network endpoint group type, select Network endpoint group (Zonal).

5. For Network, select lb-network.

6. For Subnet, select backend-subnet.

7. For Zone, select ZONE_A1.

8. Enter the Default port: 80.

9. Click Create.

10. Repeat all the steps in this section to create a second zonal NEG with the following changes in settings:

    • Name: zonal-neg-c
    • Zone: ZONE_A2

Add endpoints to the zonal NEGs:

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Network endpoint groups page.

   Go to Network endpoint groups
   

2. Click the Name of the network endpoint group created in the previous step (for example, zonal-neg-a). You see the Network endpoint group details page.

3. In the Network endpoints in this group section, click Add network endpoint. You see the Add network endpoint page.

4. Select a VM instance (for example, vm-a1). In the Network interface section, the VM name, zone, and subnet is displayed.

   1. Enter the IP address of the new network endpoint. You can click Check primary IP addresses and alias IP range in nic0 for the IP address.
   2. For Port type, select Default, the endpoint uses the default port 80 for all endpoints in the network endpoint group. This is sufficient for our example because the Apache server is serving requests at port 80.
   3. Click Create.

5. Again click Add network endpoint. Select the second VM instance, vm-a2, and repeat these steps to add its endpoints to zonal-neg-a.

6. Repeat all the steps in this section to add endpoints from vm-c1 and vm-c2 to zonal-neg-c.

1. Create a zonal NEG in the ZONE_A1 zone with GCE_VM_IP_PORT endpoints.

   gcloud compute network-endpoint-groups create zonal-neg-a \
      --network-endpoint-type=GCE_VM_IP_PORT \
      --zone=ZONE_A1 \
      --network=lb-network \
      --subnet=backend-subnet
   

   You can either specify the --default-port while creating the NEG, or specify a port number for each endpoint as shown in the next step.

2. Add endpoints to the zonal NEG.

   gcloud compute network-endpoint-groups update zonal-neg-a \
       --zone=ZONE_A1 \
       --add-endpoint='instance=vm-a1,port=80' \
       --add-endpoint='instance=vm-a2,port=80'
   

3. Create a zonal NEG in the ZONE_A2 zone with GCE_VM_IP_PORT endpoints.

   gcloud compute network-endpoint-groups create zonal-neg-c \
       --network-endpoint-type=GCE_VM_IP_PORT \
       --zone=ZONE_A2 \
       --network=lb-network \
       --subnet=backend-subnet
   

   You can either specify the --default-port while creating the NEG, or specify a port number for each endpoint as shown in the next step.

4. Add endpoints to the zonal NEG.

   gcloud compute network-endpoint-groups update zonal-neg-c \
       --zone=ZONE_A2 \
       --add-endpoint='instance=vm-c1,port=80' \
       --add-endpoint='instance=vm-c2,port=80'
   

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Load balancing page.

   Go to Load balancing

2. Click Create load balancer.
3. For Type of load balancer, select Network Load Balancer (TCP/UDP/SSL) and click Next.
4. For Proxy or passthrough, select Proxy load balancer and click Next.
5. For Public facing or internal, select Internal and click Next.
6. For Cross-region or single region deployment, select Best for regional workloads and click Next.
7. Click Configure.

1. For Name, enter my-int-tcp-lb.
2. For Region, select REGION_A.
3. For Network, select lb-network.

To reserve a proxy-only subnet:

1. Click Reserve subnet.
2. For Name, enter proxy-only-subnet.
3. For IP address range, enter 10.129.0.0/23.
4. Click Add.

1. Click Backend configuration.
2. For Backend type, select Zonal network endpoint group.
3. For Protocol, select TCP.
4. Configure the first backend:
   1. Under New backend, select zonal NEG zonal-neg-a.
   2. Retain the remaining default values and click Done.
5. Configure the second backend:
   1. Click Add backend.
   2. Under New backend, select instance group zonal-neg-c.
   3. Retain the remaining default values and click Done.
6. Configure the health check:
   1. Under Health check, select Create a health check.
   2. Set the health check Name to tcp-health-check.
   3. For Protocol, select TCP.
   4. For Port, enter 80.
7. Retain the remaining default values and click Save.
8. In the Google Cloud console, verify that there is a check mark next to Backend configuration. If not, double-check that you have completed all of the steps.

1. Click Frontend configuration.
2. For Name, enter int-tcp-forwarding-rule.
3. For Subnetwork, select backend-subnet.
4. For IP address, select int-tcp-ip-address.
5. For Port number, enter 9090. The forwarding rule only forwards packets with a matching destination port.
6. In this example, don't enable the Proxy Protocol because it doesn't work with the Apache HTTP Server software. For more information, see Proxy protocol.
7. Click Done.
8. In the Google Cloud console, verify that there is a check mark next to Frontend configuration. If not, double-check that you have completed all the previous steps.

1. Click Review and finalize.
2. Double-check your settings.
3. Click Create.

1. Create a regional health check for the backends.

   gcloud compute health-checks create tcp tcp-health-check \
       --region=REGION_A \
       --use-serving-port
   

2. Create a backend service.

   gcloud compute backend-services create internal-tcp-proxy-bs \
      --load-balancing-scheme=INTERNAL_MANAGED \
      --protocol=TCP \
      --region=REGION_A \
      --health-checks=tcp-health-check \
      --health-checks-region=REGION_A
   

3. Add the zonal NEG in the ZONE_A1 zone to the backend service.

   gcloud compute backend-services add-backend internal-tcp-proxy-bs \
      --network-endpoint-group=zonal-neg-a \
      --network-endpoint-group-zone=ZONE_A1 \
      --balancing-mode=CONNECTION \
      --max-connections-per-endpoint=50 \
      --region=REGION_A
   

4. Add the zonal NEG in the ZONE_A2 zone to the backend service.

   gcloud compute backend-services add-backend internal-tcp-proxy-bs \
      --network-endpoint-group=zonal-neg-c \
      --network-endpoint-group-zone=ZONE_A2 \
      --balancing-mode=CONNECTION \
      --max-connections-per-endpoint=50 \
      --region=REGION_A
   

5. Create the target TCP proxy.

   gcloud compute target-tcp-proxies create int-tcp-target-proxy \
      --backend-service=internal-tcp-proxy-bs \
      --region=REGION_A
   

6. Create the forwarding rule. For --ports, specify a single port number from 1-65535. This example uses port 9090. The forwarding rule only forwards packets with a matching destination port.

   gcloud compute forwarding-rules create int-tcp-forwarding-rule \
     --load-balancing-scheme=INTERNAL_MANAGED \
     --network=lb-network \
     --subnet=backend-subnet \
     --address=int-tcp-ip-address \
     --ports=9090 \
     --region=REGION_A \
     --target-tcp-proxy=int-tcp-target-proxy \
     --target-tcp-proxy-region=REGION_A
   

To test the load balancer, create a client VM in the same region as the load balancer. Then send traffic from the client to the load balancer.

Create a client VM (client-vm) in the same region as the load balancer.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the VM instances page.

   Go to VM instances

2. Click Create instance.

3. Set Name to client-vm.

4. Set Zone to ZONE_A1.

5. Click Advanced options.

6. Click Networking and configure the following fields:

   1. For Network tags, enter allow-ssh.
   2. For Network interfaces, select the following:
      • Network: lb-network
      • Subnet: backend-subnet

7. Click Create.

The client VM must be in the same VPC network and region as the load balancer. It doesn't need to be in the same subnet or zone. The client uses the same subnet as the backend VMs.

gcloud compute instances create client-vm \
    --zone=ZONE_A1 \
    --image-family=debian-12 \
    --image-project=debian-cloud \
    --tags=allow-ssh \
    --subnet=backend-subnet

Now that you have configured your load balancer, you can test sending traffic to the load balancer's IP address.

1. Use SSH to connect to the client instance.

   gcloud compute ssh client-vm \
     --zone=ZONE_A1
   

2. Verify that the load balancer is serving backend hostnames as expected.

   1. Use the compute addresses describe command to view the load balancer's IP address:

      gcloud compute addresses describe int-tcp-ip-address \
        --region=REGION_A
      

      Make a note of the IP address.

   2. Send traffic to the load balancer. Replace IP_ADDRESS with the IP address of the load balancer.

      curl IP_ADDRESS:9090
      

• Convert proxy Network Load Balancer to IPv6
• Regional internal proxy Network Load Balancer overview.
• To set up monitoring for your regional internal proxy Network Load Balancer, see Using monitoring.
• Clean up the load balancer setup.

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