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Setting up multi-cluster Services with Shared VPC | GKE networking

Skip to main content Setting up multi-cluster Services with Shared VPC

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This page describes common Multi-cluster Services (MCS) scenarios. The scenarios presented on this page share the following characteristics:

Two GKE clusters: The first GKE cluster is registered to its own project's fleet. This is the fleet host project. The second GKE cluster is registered to the same fleet, though depending on the scenario may not be in the same project. Both GKE clusters are VPC-native clusters.
Same VPC network: Both GKE clusters use subnets in the same Shared VPC network.
Workload Identity Federation for GKE is enabled in both clusters.

Terminology

The terms Shared VPC host project and GKE fleet host project have different meanings.

The Shared VPC host project is the project which contains the Shared VPC network.
The GKE fleet host project is the project that contains the fleet to which you register the clusters.

Scenarios

The following table describes common MCS scenarios:

Scenario Fleet host project (project containing the first cluster) The location of the second cluster Clusters in the same Shared VPC service project A Shared VPC service project The same Shared VPC service project as the first cluster Shared VPC host project as fleet host project (One cluster in the Shared VPC host project, a second cluster in a Shared VPC service project) The Shared VPC host project A Shared VPC service project Clusters in different Shared VPC service projects A Shared VPC service project A different Shared VPC service project Prerequisites

Before setting up a cross-project configuration of MCS, ensure that you're familiar with:

This section provides an example MCS configuration involving two existing GKE clusters both in the same Shared VPC service project:

Both clusters use the same Shared VPC network in the SHARED_VPC_HOST_PROJ.
The first VPC-native GKE cluster FIRST_CLUSTER_NAME, with Workload Identity Federation for GKE enabled, is created in the FLEET_HOST_PROJ. The fleet host project is a service project connected to the SHARED_VPC_HOST_PROJ in this scenario.
The second VPC-native GKE cluster SECOND_CLUSTER_NAME, with Workload Identity Federation for GKE enabled, is also created in the FLEET_HOST_PROJ.

Enable the required APIs. The output of the Google Cloud CLI shows you if an API has already been enabled.

Enable the Cloud DNS API:
```
gcloud services enable dns.googleapis.com \
    --project SHARED_VPC_HOST_PROJ
```
In this scenario, the fleet host project is a service project connected to the Shared VPC host project. The Cloud DNS API must be enabled in the Shared VPC host project because that's where the Shared VPC network is located. GKE creates Cloud DNS managed private zones in the host project and authorizes them for the Shared VPC network.
Enable GKE Hub (fleet) API. The GKE Hub API must be enabled in only the fleet host project.
```
gcloud services enable gkehub.googleapis.com \
    --project FLEET_HOST_PROJ
```
Enabling this API in the fleet host project creates or ensures that the following service account exists: service-FLEET_HOST_PROJ_NUMBER@gcp-sa-gkehub.iam.gserviceaccount.com.

Enable Cloud Service Mesh, Resource Manager, and Multi-cluster Service Discovery APIs in the fleet host project:

gcloud services enable trafficdirector.googleapis.com \
    cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com \
    multiclusterservicediscovery.googleapis.com \
    --project FLEET_HOST_PROJ

Enable multi-cluster services in the fleet host project:
```
gcloud container fleet multi-cluster-services enable \
    --project FLEET_HOST_PROJ
```
Enabling multi-cluster services in the fleet host project creates or ensures that the following service account exists: service-FLEET_HOST_PROJ_NUMBER@gcp-sa-mcsd.iam.gserviceaccount.com.

Create IAM binding granting the fleet host project MCS service account the MCS Service Agent role on the Shared VPC host project:

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding SHARED_VPC_HOST_PROJ \
    --member "serviceAccount:service-FLEET_HOST_PROJ_NUMBER@gcp-sa-mcsd.iam.gserviceaccount.com" \
    --role roles/multiclusterservicediscovery.serviceAgent

Create IAM binding granting the fleet host project MCS service account the Network User role for its own project:
```
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding FLEET_HOST_PROJ \
    --member "serviceAccount:FLEET_HOST_PROJ.svc.id.goog[gke-mcs/gke-mcs-importer]" \
    --role roles/compute.networkViewer
```
Because this scenario uses Workload Identity Federation for GKE, the fleet host project's MCS Importer GKE service account needs the Network User role for its own project.

Replace the following:
- SHARED_VPC_HOST_PROJ: the project ID of the Shared VPC host project
- FLEET_HOST_PROJ_NUMBER: the project number of the fleet host project, which is the Shared VPC service project for this scenario
- FLEET_HOST_PROJ: the project ID of the first cluster's project.

Register the first cluster to the fleet. The --gke-cluster flag can be used for this command because the first cluster is located in the same project as the fleet to which it is being registered.
```
gcloud container fleet memberships register MEMBERSHIP_NAME_1 \
    --project FLEET_HOST_PROJ \
    --enable-workload-identity \
    --gke-cluster=LOCATION/FIRST_CLUSTER_NAME
```
Replace the following:
- MEMBERSHIP_NAME_1: a unique identifier for this cluster in this fleet. For example, you can use the name of the first GKE cluster.
- FLEET_HOST_PROJ: the project ID for the fleet host project, identical to the Shared VPC host project in this scenario.
- LOCATION: for zonal clusters, the Compute Engine zone containing the cluster; for regional clusters, the Compute Engine region containing the cluster.
- FIRST_CLUSTER_NAME: the name of the first cluster.
Register the second cluster to the fleet host project. The --gke-cluster flag can be used for this command because the second cluster is also located in the fleet host project.
```
gcloud container fleet memberships register MEMBERSHIP_NAME_2 \
    --project FLEET_HOST_PROJ \
    --enable-workload-identity \
    --gke-cluster=LOCATION/SECOND_CLUSTER_NAME
```
Replace the following:
- MEMBERSHIP_NAME_2: a unique identifier for this cluster in this fleet. For example, you can use the name of the second GKE cluster.
- FLEET_HOST_PROJ: the project ID for the fleet host project, identical to the Shared VPC host project in this scenario.
- LOCATION: for zonal clusters, the Compute Engine zone containing the cluster; for regional clusters, the Compute Engine region containing the cluster.
- SECOND_CLUSTER_NAME: the name of the second cluster.

Ensure that each cluster has a namespace to share Services in. If needed, create a namespace by using the following command in each cluster:
```
kubectl create ns NAMESPACE
```
Replace NAMESPACE with a name for the namespace.

Shared VPC host project as fleet host project

This section provides an example MCS configuration involving two existing GKE clusters:

The first VPC-native GKE cluster FIRST_CLUSTER_NAME, with Workload Identity Federation for GKE enabled, has been created in the FLEET_HOST_PROJ. The fleet host project is also the Shared VPC host project in this scenario.
The second VPC-native GKE cluster SECOND_CLUSTER_NAME, with Workload Identity Federation for GKE enabled, has been created in the SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ.

Enable required APIs

Enable the required APIs. The output of the Google Cloud CLI shows you if an API has already been enabled.

Enable the Cloud DNS API:
```
gcloud services enable dns.googleapis.com \
    --project FLEET_HOST_PROJ
```
In this scenario, the fleet host project is also the Shared VPC host project. The Cloud DNS API must be enabled in the Shared VPC host project because that's where the Shared VPC network is located. GKE creates Cloud DNS managed private zones in the host project and authorizes them for the Shared VPC network.
Enable GKE Hub (fleet) API. The GKE Hub API must be enabled in only the fleet host project.
```
gcloud services enable gkehub.googleapis.com \
    --project FLEET_HOST_PROJ
```
Enabling the GKE Hub API in the fleet host project creates or ensures that the following service account exists: service-FLEET_HOST_PROJ_NUMBER@gcp-sa-gkehub.iam.gserviceaccount.com.

Enable Cloud Service Mesh, Resource Manager, and Multi-cluster Service Discovery APIs, in both the fleet host project and in the second cluster's project:

gcloud services enable trafficdirector.googleapis.com \
    cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com \
    multiclusterservicediscovery.googleapis.com \
    --project FLEET_HOST_PROJ

gcloud services enable trafficdirector.googleapis.com \
    cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com \
    multiclusterservicediscovery.googleapis.com \
    --project SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ

Enable Multi-cluster services in the fleet host project

Enable multi-cluster services in the fleet host project:
```
gcloud container fleet multi-cluster-services enable \
    --project FLEET_HOST_PROJ
```
Enabling multi-cluster services in the fleet host project creates or ensures that the following service account exists: service-FLEET_HOST_PROJ_NUMBER@gcp-sa-mcsd.iam.gserviceaccount.com.

Create IAM bindings

Create IAM binding granting the fleet host project's GKE fleet service account the GKE Service Agent role on the second cluster's project:

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ \
    --member "serviceAccount:service-FLEET_HOST_PROJ_NUMBER@gcp-sa-gkehub.iam.gserviceaccount.com" \
    --role roles/gkehub.serviceAgent

Create IAM binding granting the fleet host project's MCS service account the MCS Service Agent role on the second cluster's project:

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ \
    --member "serviceAccount:service-FLEET_HOST_PROJ_NUMBER@gcp-sa-mcsd.iam.gserviceaccount.com" \
    --role roles/multiclusterservicediscovery.serviceAgent

Create IAM binding granting each project's MCS service account the Network User role for its own project:
```
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding FLEET_HOST_PROJ \
    --member "serviceAccount:FLEET_HOST_PROJ.svc.id.goog[gke-mcs/gke-mcs-importer]" \
    --role roles/compute.networkViewer
```
```
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ \
    --member "serviceAccount:SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ.svc.id.goog[gke-mcs/gke-mcs-importer]" \
    --role roles/compute.networkViewer
```
Because this scenario uses Workload Identity Federation for GKE, each project's MCS Importer GKE service account needs the Network User role for its own project.

Replace the following:
- SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ: the project ID of the second cluster's project
- FLEET_HOST_PROJ: the project ID of the first cluster's project.
- FLEET_HOST_PROJ_NUMBER: the project number of the fleet host project, which is the same as the Shared VPC host project for this scenario

Register the first cluster to the fleet. The --gke-cluster flag can be used for this command because the first cluster is located in the same project as the fleet to which it is being registered.
```
gcloud container fleet memberships register MEMBERSHIP_NAME_1 \
    --project FLEET_HOST_PROJ \
    --enable-workload-identity \
    --gke-cluster=LOCATION/FIRST_CLUSTER_NAME
```
Replace the following:
- MEMBERSHIP_NAME_1: a unique identifier for this cluster in this fleet. For example, you can use the name of the first GKE cluster.
- FLEET_HOST_PROJ: the project ID for the fleet host project, identical to the Shared VPC host project in this scenario.
- LOCATION: for zonal clusters, the Compute Engine zone containing the cluster; for regional clusters, the Compute Engine region containing the cluster.
- FIRST_CLUSTER_NAME: the name of the first cluster.
Register the second cluster to the fleet. The --gke-uri flag must be used for this command because the second cluster is not located in the same project as the fleet. You can obtain the full cluster URI by running gcloud container clusters list --uri.
```
gcloud container fleet memberships register MEMBERSHIP_NAME_2 \
    --project FLEET_HOST_PROJ \
    --enable-workload-identity \
    --gke-uri https://container.googleapis.com/v1/projects/SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ/locations/LOCATION/clusters/SECOND_CLUSTER_NAME
```
Replace the following:
- MEMBERSHIP_NAME_2: a unique identifier for this cluster in this fleet. For example, you can use the name of the second GKE cluster.
- FLEET_HOST_PROJ: the project ID for the fleet host project, identical to the Shared VPC host project in this scenario.
- LOCATION: replace LOCATION with:
  - the cluster's Compute Engine zone if the cluster is a zonal cluster
  - the cluster's Compute Engine region if the cluster is a regional cluster
- SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJECT: the project containing the second cluster.
- SECOND_CLUSTER_NAME: the name of the second cluster.

Create a common namespace for the clusters

Ensure that each cluster has a namespace to share Services in. If needed, create a namespace by using the following command in each cluster:
```
kubectl create ns NAMESPACE
```
Replace NAMESPACE with a name for the namespace.

Clusters in different Shared VPC service projects

This section provides an example MCS configuration involving two existing GKE clusters each in a different Shared VPC service project.

Both clusters use the same Shared VPC network in the SHARED_VPC_HOST_PROJ.
The first VPC-native GKE cluster FIRST_CLUSTER_NAME, with Workload Identity Federation for GKE enabled, has been created in the FLEET_HOST_PROJ. The fleet host project is a service project connected to the SHARED_VPC_HOST_PROJ in this scenario.
The second VPC-native GKE cluster SECOND_CLUSTER_NAME, with Workload Identity Federation for GKE enabled, has been created in the SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ. The SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ is also a service project connected to the SHARED_VPC_HOST_PROJ in this scenario.

Enable required APIs

Enable the required APIs. The output of the Google Cloud CLI shows you if an API has already been enabled.

Enable the Cloud DNS API:
```
gcloud services enable dns.googleapis.com \
    --project SHARED_VPC_HOST_PROJ
```
In this scenario, the fleet host project is a service project connected to the Shared VPC host project. The Cloud DNS API must be enabled in the Shared VPC host project because that's where the Shared VPC network is located. GKE creates Cloud DNS managed private zones in the host project and authorizes them for the Shared VPC network.
GKE Hub (fleet) API. The GKE Hub API must be enabled in only the fleet host project FLEET_HOST_PROJ.
```
gcloud services enable gkehub.googleapis.com \
    --project FLEET_HOST_PROJ
```
Enabling this API in the fleet host project creates or ensures that the following service account exists: service-FLEET_HOST_PROJ_NUMBER@gcp-sa-gkehub.iam.gserviceaccount.com.

Enable Cloud Service Mesh, Resource Manager, and Multi-cluster Service Discovery APIs, in both the fleet host project and in the second cluster's project:

gcloud services enable trafficdirector.googleapis.com \
    cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com \
    multiclusterservicediscovery.googleapis.com \
    --project=FLEET_HOST_PROJ

gcloud services enable trafficdirector.googleapis.com \
    cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com \
    multiclusterservicediscovery.googleapis.com \
    --project SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ

Enable Multi-cluster services in the fleet host project

Enable multi-cluster services in the fleet host project:
```
gcloud container fleet multi-cluster-services enable \
    --project FLEET_HOST_PROJ
```
Enabling multi-cluster services in the fleet host project creates or ensures that the following service account exists: service-FLEET_HOST_PROJ_NUMBER@gcp-sa-mcsd.iam.gserviceaccount.com.

Create IAM bindings

Create IAM binding granting the fleet host project's GKE Hub service account the GKE Service Agent role on the second cluster's project:

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ \
    --member "serviceAccount:service-FLEET_HOST_PROJ_NUMBER@gcp-sa-gkehub.iam.gserviceaccount.com" \
    --role roles/gkehub.serviceAgent

Create IAM binding granting the fleet host project's MCS service account the MCS Service Agent role on the second cluster's project:

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ \
    --member "serviceAccount:service-FLEET_HOST_PROJ_NUMBER@gcp-sa-mcsd.iam.gserviceaccount.com" \
    --role roles/multiclusterservicediscovery.serviceAgent

Create IAM binding granting the fleet host project MCS service account the MCS Service Agent role on the Shared VPC host project:

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding SHARED_VPC_HOST_PROJ \
    --member "serviceAccount:service-FLEET_HOST_PROJ_NUMBER@gcp-sa-mcsd.iam.gserviceaccount.com" \
    --role roles/multiclusterservicediscovery.serviceAgent

Create IAM binding granting each project's MCS service account the Network User role for its own project:
```
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding FLEET_HOST_PROJ \
    --member "serviceAccount:FLEET_HOST_PROJ.svc.id.goog[gke-mcs/gke-mcs-importer]" \
    --role roles/compute.networkViewer
```
```
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ \
    --member "serviceAccount:SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ.svc.id.goog[gke-mcs/gke-mcs-importer]" \
    --role roles/compute.networkViewer
```
Because this scenario uses Workload Identity Federation for GKE, each project's MCS Importer GKE service account needs the Network User role for its own project.

Replace the following as needed in the previous commands:
- SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ: the project ID of the second cluster's project.
- SHARED_VPC_HOST_PROJ: the project ID of the Shared VPC host project. In this example, both clusters use the same Shared VPC network, but neither cluster is located in the Shared VPC host project.
- FLEET_HOST_PROJ: the project ID of the first cluster's project.
- FLEET_HOST_PROJ_NUMBER: the project number of the fleet host project.

Register the first cluster to the fleet. The --gke-cluster flag can be used for this command because the first cluster is located in the same project as the fleet to which it is being registered.
```
gcloud container fleet memberships register MEMBERSHIP_NAME_1 \
    --project FLEET_HOST_PROJ \
    --enable-workload-identity \
    --gke-cluster=LOCATION/FIRST_CLUSTER_NAME
```
Replace the following:
- MEMBERSHIP_NAME_1: a unique identifier for this cluster in this fleet. For example, you can use the name of the first GKE cluster.
- FLEET_HOST_PROJ: the project ID for the fleet host project, identical to the Shared VPC host project in this scenario.
- LOCATION: for zonal clusters, the Compute Engine zone containing the cluster; for regional clusters, the Compute Engine region containing the cluster.
- FIRST_CLUSTER_NAME: the name of the first cluster.
Register the second cluster to the fleet. The --gke-uri flag must be used for this command because the second cluster is not located in the same project as the fleet. You can obtain the full cluster URI by running gcloud container clusters list --uri.
```
gcloud container fleet memberships register MEMBERSHIP_NAME_2 \
    --project FLEET_HOST_PROJ \
    --enable-workload-identity \
    --gke-uri https://container.googleapis.com/v1/projects/SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJ/locations/LOCATION/clusters/SECOND_CLUSTER_NAME
```
Replace the following:
- MEMBERSHIP_NAME_2: a unique identifier for this cluster in this fleet. For example, you can use the name of the second GKE cluster.
- FLEET_HOST_PROJ: the project ID for the fleet host project, identical to the Shared VPC host project in this scenario.
- LOCATION: replace LOCATION with:
  - the cluster's Compute Engine zone if the cluster is a zonal cluster
  - the cluster's Compute Engine region if the cluster is a regional cluster
- SECOND_CLUSTER_PROJECT: the project containing the second cluster.
- SECOND_CLUSTER_NAME: the name of the second cluster.

Create a common namespace for the clusters

Ensure that each cluster has a namespace to share Services in. If needed, create a namespace by using the following command in each cluster:
```
kubectl create ns NAMESPACE
```
Replace NAMESPACE with a name for the namespace.

What's next

Learn how to use MCS.

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.

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