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Create an external key | Cloud KMS

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This page shows you how to create Cloud External Key Manager (Cloud EKM) keys on an existing key ring in Cloud Key Management Service (Cloud KMS).

Before completing the tasks on this page, you need the following:

• A Google Cloud project resource to contain your Cloud KMS resources. We recommend using a separate project for your Cloud KMS resources that does not contain any other Google Cloud resources.

  Make a note of your project's Cloud EKM service account. In the following example, replace PROJECT_NUMBER with your Google Cloud project's project number. This information is also visible each time you use the Google Cloud console to create a Cloud EKM key.

      service-PROJECT_NUMBER@gcp-sa-ekms.iam.gserviceaccount.com
      

• The name and location of the key ring where you want to create your key. Choose a key ring in a location that is near your other resources and that supports Cloud EKM. To view available locations and the protection levels that they support, see Cloud KMS locations. To create a key ring, see Create a key ring.

• To create manually managed external keys, you must create the key in the external key management partner system. The exact steps vary by external key management partner.

  1. If necessary, request access from your external key management partner to participate.

  2. Create a symmetric or asymmetric key in the external key management partner system or select an existing key.

     Create the key in a region near the Google Cloud region you plan to use for Cloud EKM keys. This helps reduce the network latency between your Google Cloud project and the external key management partner. Otherwise, you may experience an increased number of failed operations. For more information, see Cloud EKM and regions.

  3. Make a note of the external key's URI or key path. You need this information to create a Cloud EKM key.
• In the external key management partner system, grant the Google Cloud service account access to use your external keys. Treat the service account as an email address. EKM partners might use different terminology than that used in this document.
• To create EKM over VPC keys, you need to create an EKM connection.
• Optional: To use the gcloud CLI, prepare your environment.

  In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.

  Activate Cloud Shell

To get the permissions that you need to create keys, ask your administrator to grant you the Cloud KMS Admin (roles/cloudkms.admin) IAM role on the project or a parent resource. For more information about granting roles, see Manage access to projects, folders, and organizations.

This predefined role contains the permissions required to create keys. To see the exact permissions that are required, expand the Required permissions section:

The following permissions are required to create keys:

• cloudkms.cryptoKeys.create
• cloudkms.cryptoKeys.get
• cloudkms.cryptoKeys.list
• cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.create
• cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.get
• cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.list
• cloudkms.keyRings.get
• cloudkms.keyRings.list
• cloudkms.locations.get
• cloudkms.locations.list
• resourcemanager.projects.get
• To retrieve a public key: cloudkms.cryptoKeyVersions.viewPublicKey

You might also be able to get these permissions with custom roles or other predefined roles.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Key Management page.

   Go to Key Management

2. Click the name of the key ring for which you will create a key.

3. Click Create key.

4. For Key name, enter a name for your key.

5. For Protection level, select External.

6. For External key manager (EKM) connection type, select via VPC.

7. For EKM via VPC connection, select a connection.

   If you do not have the EkmConnection.list permission, you must manually enter the connection resource name.

8. Click Continue.

9. In the Key material section, you should see a message about new key material being requested by Cloud KMS and generated in your EKM. If you see the Key path field, the EKM via VPC connection that you selected isn't configured for coordinated external keys.

10. Configure the rest of the key settings as needed, and then click Create.

Cloud EKM sends a request to your EKM to create a new key. The key shows as Pending generation until the key path is returned by your EKM and the Cloud EKM key is available.

To use Cloud KMS on the command line, first Install or upgrade to the latest version of Google Cloud CLI.

gcloud kms keys create KEY_NAME \
    --keyring KEY_RING \
    --location LOCATION \
    --purpose PURPOSE \
    --default-algorithm ALGORITHM \
    --protection-level "external-vpc" \
    --crypto-key-backend VPC_CONNECTION_RESOURCE_ID

Replace the following:

• KEY_NAME: the name of the key.
• KEY_RING: the name of the key ring that contains the key.
• LOCATION: the Cloud KMS location of the key ring.
• PURPOSE: the purpose of the key.
• ALGORITHM: the algorithm to use for the key, for example google-symmetric-encryption. For a list of supported algorithms, see Algorithms.
• VPC_CONNECTION_RESOURCE_ID: the resource ID of the EKM connection.

For information on all flags and possible values, run the command with the --help flag.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Key Management page.

   Go to Key Management

2. Click the name of the key ring for which you will create a key.

3. Click Create key.

4. For Key name, enter a name for your key.

5. For Protection level, select External.

6. For External key manager (EKM) connection type, select via VPC.

7. For EKM via VPC connection, select a connection.

   Note, if you do not have the EkmConnection.list permission, you must manually enter the connection resource name.

8. Click Continue.

9. In the Key path field, enter the path to your external key.

10. Configure the rest of the key settings as needed, and then click Create.

To use Cloud KMS on the command line, first Install or upgrade to the latest version of Google Cloud CLI.

gcloud kms keys create KEY_NAME \
    --keyring KEY_RING \
    --location LOCATION \
    --purpose PURPOSE \
    --default-algorithm ALGORITHM \
    --protection-level "external-vpc" \
    --skip-initial-version-creation \
    --crypto-key-backend VPC_CONNECTION_RESOURCE_ID

Replace the following:

• KEY_NAME: the name of the key.
• KEY_RING
• LOCATION: the Cloud KMS location of the key ring.
• PURPOSE: the purpose of the key.
• ALGORITHM: the algorithm to use for the key, for example google-symmetric-encryption. For a list of supported algorithms, see Algorithms.
• VPC_CONNECTION_RESOURCE_ID: the resource ID of the EKM connection.

For information on all flags and possible values, run the command with the --help flag.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Key Management page.

   Go to Key Management

2. Click the name of the key ring for which you will create a key.

3. Click Create key.

4. For Key name, enter a name for your key.

5. For Protection level, select External.

6. For External key manager (EKM) connection type, select via internet.

7. Click Continue.

8. In the Key URI field, enter the path to your external key.

9. Configure the rest of the key settings as needed, and then click Create.

   Note: If you enter the URI incorrectly, or the key is not found at that URI, the key is created but has no version. If this happens, click Rotate Key to create a new version, and enter the correct URI. You can find more details about the error in the Activity tab of the Show info panel, or in the [Admin Activity audit logs][audit_logging] (enabled by default).

To use Cloud KMS on the command line, first Install or upgrade to the latest version of Google Cloud CLI.

1. Create an empty external key:

   gcloud kms keys create KEY_NAME \
     --keyring KEY_RING \
     --location LOCATION \
     --purpose PURPOSE \
     --protection-level external \
     --skip-initial-version-creation \
     --default-algorithm ALGORITHM
   

   Replace the following:

   • KEY_NAME: the name of the key.
   • KEY_RING: the name of the key ring that contains the key.
   • LOCATION: the Cloud KMS location of the key ring.
   • PURPOSE: the purpose of the key.
   • ALGORITHM: the algorithm to use for the key, for example google-symmetric-encryption. For a list of supported algorithms, see Algorithms.

   For information on all flags and possible values, run the command with the --help flag.

2. Create a new key version for the key you just created:

   gcloud kms keys versions create \
     --key KEY_NAME \
     --keyring KEY_RING \
     --location LOCATION \
     --external-key-uri EXTERNAL_KEY_URI
   

   Replace EXTERNAL_KEY_URI with the URI of the external key.

   For symmetric key versions, add the --primary flag to set the new key version as the primary version.

   Note: The version is not created if the key URI is invalid or unreachable, or if the Google Cloud service account does not have permission to use the external key management partner key. If an error occurs, correct the problem and run the command again.

• Update an external key path without rotating the key.
• Rotate an external key.

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.

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