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Sending email with Mailgun | Compute Engine Documentation

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Google Cloud works with Mailgun to provide an email service that has a programmatic API, log retention, email personalization, analytics, and email validation.

The following instructions show you how to configure Mailgun as an email relay with Postfix.

1. Sign up for and create a new Mailgun account on the Google Cloud Marketplace.

2. Get your credentials. The instructions require that you know your Mailgun SMTP username, password, and hostname. Get your username and password from the Mailgun control panel, under the Domains section.

   Depending on how the domain is configured in Mailgun, the SMTP hostname is either smtp.mailgun.org or smtp.eu.mailgun.org.

3. Configure your firewall rules to allow outgoing traffic on TCP port 2525.

Configuring Mailgun as a mail relay allows the Postfix mail transfer agent to forward emails destined for remote delivery.

1. Connect to your instance using SSH.

   gcloud compute ssh [INSTANCE_NAME]
   

   where [INSTANCE_NAME] is the name of the VM instance where you want to send email from.

2. Become a superuser and set a safe umask.

   user@test-instance:~$ sudo su -
   

   root@test-instance:~# umask 077
   

3. Install the Postfix Mail Transport Agent.

   Debian

   root@test-instance:~# apt update && apt -y install postfix libsasl2-modules
   

   CentOS

   root@test-instance:~# yum install postfix cyrus-sasl-plain cyrus-sasl-md5 -y
   

4. When prompted, select the Local Only configuration and accept the default choices for domain names.

5. Modify the Postfix configuration options. Postfix configuration options are set in the main.cf file. Open the file with the text editor of your choice.

   root@test-instance:~# vi /etc/postfix/main.cf
   

6. If they exist, comment out the following lines.

   # default_transport = error
   # relay_transport = error
   

7. Add the Mailgun SMTP service by adding the following line to the end of the file.

   relayhost = [smtp.mailgun.org]:2525
   

   Note: You must use port 2525 because port 25 isn't allowed on Compute Engine.

8. To enforce SSL/TLS support and configure SMTP authentication for these requests, add the following lines to the end of the file. A simple access and security layer (SASL) module handles authentication in the Postfix configuration.

   smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt
   smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
   smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
   smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
   

9. Save your changes and close the file.

10. Generate the SASL password map.

    1. Create a new password file that is ready for standard input.

       root@test-instance:~# cat > /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd << EOF
       

    2. At the prompt, enter the service details, replacing YOUR_SMTP_LOGIN and YOUR_SMTP_PASSWORD with your credentials. See the Mailgun help for instructions on how to view or change your per-domain credentials.

       > [smtp.mailgun.org]:2525 YOUR_SMTP_LOGIN:YOUR_SMTP_PASSWORD
       

    3. Close and save the file by typing the delimiter, EOF.

       > EOF
       

11. Use the postmap utility to generate a .db file.

    root@test-instance:~# postmap /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
    

    root@test-instance:~# ls -l /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd*
    
    -rw------- 1 root root    68 Jun  1 10:50 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
    -rw------- 1 root root 12288 Jun  1 10:51 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd.db
    

12. Next, remove the file that contains your credentials because it is no longer needed.

    root@test-instance:~# rm /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
    

13. Set the permissions on your .db file.

    root@test-instance:~# chmod 600 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd.db
    

    root@test-instance:~# ls -la /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd.db
    
    -rw------- 1 root root 12288 Aug 31 18:51 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd.db
    

14. Finally, reload your configuration to load the modified parameters.

    Debian

    root@test-wheezy:~# /etc/init.d/postfix restart
    

    CentOS

    [root@test-centos ~]# postfix reload
    

15. Test your configuration. Install the mailx or mailutils package and test your configuration.

    Debian

    root@test-wheezy:~# apt -y install mailutils
    

    CentOS

    [root@test-centos ~]# yum install mailx -y
    

    Send a test message.

    root@test-instance:~# echo 'Test passed.' | mail -s 'Test-Email' EMAIL@EXAMPLE.COM
    

    Look in your systems logs for a status line containing status and the successful server response code (250).

    Debian

    root@test-wheezy:~# tail -n 5 /var/log/syslog
    

    CentOS

    [root@test-centos ~]# tail -n 5 /var/log/maillog
    

For detailed examples and information about other topics including tracking and routing messages, read the Mailgun documentation.

Explore reference architectures, diagrams, and best practices about Google Cloud. Take a look at our Cloud Architecture Center.

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC."],[[["Google Cloud utilizes Mailgun for email services, offering a programmatic API, log retention, email personalization, analytics, and email validation."],["This guide provides instructions on how to configure Mailgun as an email relay using Postfix, enabling the forwarding of emails for remote delivery."],["The process involves setting up a Mailgun account, obtaining SMTP credentials, and configuring firewall rules to allow outgoing traffic on TCP port 2525."],["Postfix's `main.cf` file requires modifications to relay email through Mailgun, including setting the `relayhost` to `[smtp.mailgun.org]:2525` and configuring SMTP authentication with SSL/TLS support."],["Users can test their configuration by sending a test email and verifying its successful delivery in the system logs, looking for a successful server response code (250)."]]],[]]

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