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SSH-in-browser | Compute Engine Documentation

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Linux

You can connect to Compute Engine virtual machine (VM) instances from within the Google Cloud console by using the SSH-in-browser tool. SSH-in-browser doesn't require any additional extensions or software. SSH-in-browser supports connections to VMs that store SSH keys in metadata, VMs that use OS Login, and VMs that use IAP for TCP forwarding.

Each time you connect to a VM by using SSH-in-browser, Compute Engine creates an ephemeral key pair and sets a username for your connection. Your username and the location where Compute Engine stores your SSH keys depend on whether you use SSH keys stored in metadata, or OS Login. For more information see About SSH connections.

To use SSH-in-browser, your environment must meet the following requirements:

• Google Cloud console must be running in a supported web browser.
• The VM you're connecting to must have the guest environment installed and running. The guest environment is pre-installed on VMs that you create from Google-provided public images.

• Your network must meet the following requirements:

  • HTTPS proxies and security devices must not decrypt and re-encrypt traffic using their own TLS certificate, for example, to perform TLS inspection.
  • The network must allow traffic to and from hostnames ending in google.com, gstatic.com, or googleapis.com.
  • The network must allow packets to be sent to the IP addresses for the default domains.
  • To connect to VMs through their external IP address, the Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) must allow TCP ingress traffic for IP range 0.0.0.0/0.
  • To connect to VMs through their internal IP address, the VPC must use IAP.

• Not supported within VPC Service Controls perimeters. SSH-in-browser isn't supported within VPC Service Controls perimeters. Use the gcloud CLI instead. For more information, see Connect to Linux VMs or Connecting to a serial console, depending on your use case.
• Slow SSH key transfer times. SSH-in-browser key transfer times range from 2 to 25 seconds.
• Intermittent disconnects. At this time, we don't offer a specific Service Level Agreement (SLA) for connection lifetimes. If you plan to keep the terminal window open for an extended period of time, use terminal multiplexers like tmux or screen.
• Keyboard shortcuts close the window. The following keyboard shortcuts close the SSH-in-browser window:
  • On Windows and Linux workstations: Ctrl+W
  • On macOS workstations: Cmd+W
  • On Chrome OS workstations: Ctrl+Shift+W
• File transfer might be slow for large files. If you experience slow file transfer times, use the gcloud compute scp command instead of SSH-in-browser.

To learn how to use SSH-in-browser to connect to a VM, review Connect to Linux VMs.

To learn how to use SSH-in-browser to connect to a Cloud TPU, review Connecting to a Cloud TPU VM.

To connect to VMs that have only internal IP addresses, follow Choose a connection option for internal-only VMs.

SSH-in-browser supports connections with user-uploaded ECDSA SSH keys for VMs that use OS Login.

To connect to a VM with a user-uploaded SSH key, do the following:

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the VM instances page.

   Go to VM Instances

2. In the list of VMs, click the arrow_drop_down drop-down next to the SSH button of the VM that you want to connect to.

3. Click Open in browser window using provided private SSH key.

   The SSH-in-browser window opens.

4. Click Connect with SSH key file and choose the private key file associated with the public key in your OS Login profile.

To disconnect from a VM and terminate an SSH-in-browser session, run the exit command.

You can scroll the terminal using your mouse wheel or trackpad. Alternatively, you can use the keyboard shortcuts for your workstation's operating system.

To scroll up, use Ctrl+Shift+PageUp. To scroll down, use Ctrl+Shift+PageDn.

To scroll up, use Fn+Shift+Up. To scroll down, use Fn+Shift+Down.

To scroll up, use Alt+Shift+Up. To scroll down, use Alt+Shift+Down.

The default copy option for SSH-in-browser is Copy on select. Any text you highlight in SSH-in-browser is copied. You can alternatively copy and paste the text using the keyboard shortcuts for your workstation's operating system.

To copy text, use Ctrl+C. To paste text, use Ctrl+V.

To copy text, use Cmd+C. To paste text, use Cmd+V.

There is no keyboard shortcut to copy files. To paste text, use Ctrl+Shift+V.

If you encounter problems copying and pasting large blocks of text, use file transfer instead.

To learn how to transfer files to and from VMs using SSH-in-browser, review Transfer files using SSH-in-browser.

To find methods and tools for diagnosing and resolving failed SSH connections, see Troubleshooting SSH.

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC."],[[["SSH-in-browser allows direct connection to Compute Engine VMs from the Google Cloud console without additional software, supporting SSH keys in metadata, OS Login, and IAP for TCP forwarding."],["To use SSH-in-browser, the environment must have a supported web browser, the VM must have the guest environment installed, and the network must allow traffic to specific Google domains and IP addresses."],["SSH-in-browser has limitations such as not being supported within VPC Service Controls perimeters, slow SSH key transfer times, intermittent disconnects, and specific keyboard shortcuts that close the window."],["Users can connect to VMs with user-uploaded SSH keys by selecting \"Open in browser window using provided private SSH key\" in the Google Cloud console and choosing the corresponding private key file."],["Users can transfer files, copy and paste text, and scroll the terminal using designated shortcuts, and can disconnect from a VM session by using the `exit` command."]]],[]]

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