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Load statements in GoogleSQL | BigQuery

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Loads data from one or more files into a table. The statement can create a new table, append data into an existing table or partition, or overwrite an existing table or partition. If the LOAD DATA statement fails, the table into which you are loading data remains unchanged.

LOAD DATA {OVERWRITE|INTO}  [{TEMP|TEMPORARY} TABLE]
[[project_name.]dataset_name.]table_name
[(
  column_list
)]
[[OVERWRITE] PARTITIONS (partition_column_name=partition_value)]
[PARTITION BY partition_expression]
[CLUSTER BY clustering_column_list]
[OPTIONS (table_option_list)]
FROM FILES(load_option_list)
[WITH PARTITION COLUMNS
  [(partition_column_list)]
]
[WITH CONNECTION connection_name]

column_list: column[, ...]

partition_column_list: partition_column_name, partition_column_type[, ...]

• INTO: If a table with this name already exists, the statement appends data to the table. You must use INTO instead of OVERWRITE if your statement includes the PARTITIONS clause.

• OVERWRITE: If a table with this name already exists, the statement overwrites the table.

• {TEMP|TEMPORARY} TABLE: Use this clause to create or write to a temporary table.

• project_name: The name of the project for the table. The value defaults to the project that runs this DDL query.

• dataset_name: The name of the dataset for the table.

• table_name: The name of the table.

• column_list: Contains the table's schema information as a list of table columns. For more information about table schemas, see Specifying a schema. If you don't specify a schema, BigQuery uses schema auto-detection to infer the schema.

  When you load hive-partitioned data into a new table or overwrite an existing table, then that table schema contains the hive-partitioned columns and the columns in the column_list.

  If you append hive-partitioned data to an existing table, then the hive-partitioned columns and column_list can be a subset of the existing columns. If the combined list of columns in not a subset of the existing columns, then the following rules apply:

  • If your data is self-describing, such as ORC, PARQUET, or AVRO, then columns in the source file that are omitted from the column_list are ignored. Columns in the column_list that don't exist in the source file are written with NULL values. If a column is in the column_list and the source file, then their types must match.

  • If your data is not self-describing, such as CSV or JSON, then columns in the source file that are omitted from the column_list are only ignored if you set ignore_unknown_values to TRUE. Otherwise this statement returns an error. You can't list columns in the column_list that don't exist in the source file.

• [OVERWRITE] PARTITIONS: Use this clause to write to or overwrite exactly one partition. When you use this clause, the statement must begin with LOAD DATA INTO.

• partition_column_name: The name of the partitioned column to write to. If you use both the PARTITIONS and the PARTITION BY clauses, then the column names must match.

• partition_value: The partition_id of the partition to append or overwrite. To find the partition_id values of a table, query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS view. You can't set the partition_value to __NULL__ or __UNPARTITIONED__. You can only append to or overwrite one partition. If your data contains values that belong to multiple partitions, then the statement fails with an error. This partition_value must be literal value.

• partition_expression: Specifies the table partitioning when creating a new table.

• clustering_column_list: Specifies table clustering when creating a new table. The value is a comma-separated list of column names, with up to four columns.

• table_option_list: Specifies options for creating the table. If you include this clause and the table already exists, then the options must match the existing table specification.

• partition_column_list: A list of external partitioning columns.

• connection_name: The connection name that is used to read the source files from an external data source.

• load_option_list: Specifies options for loading the data.

If no table exists with the specified name, then the statement creates a new table. If a table already exists with the specified name, then the behavior depends on the INTO or OVERWRITE keyword. The INTO keyword appends the data to the table, and the OVERWRITE keyword overwrites the table.

If your external data uses a hive-partitioned layout, then include the WITH PARTITION COLUMNS clause. If you include the WITH PARTITION COLUMNS clause without partition_column_list, then BigQuery infers the partitioning from the data layout. If you include both column_list and WITH PARTITION COLUMNS, then partition_column_list is required.

You can't use the LOAD DATA statement to load data into a temporary table.

(column_name column_schema[, ...]) contains the table's schema information in a comma-separated list.

column :=
  column_name column_schema

column_schema :=
   {
     simple_type
     | STRUCT<field_list>
     | ARRAY<array_element_schema>
   }
   [PRIMARY KEY NOT ENFORCED | REFERENCES table_name(column_name) NOT ENFORCED]
   [DEFAULT default_expression]
   [NOT NULL]
   [OPTIONS(column_option_list)]

simple_type :=
  { data_type | STRING COLLATE collate_specification }

field_list :=
  field_name column_schema [, ...]

array_element_schema :=
  { simple_type | STRUCT<field_list> }
  [NOT NULL]

• column_name is the name of the column. A column name:

  • Must contain only letters (a-z, A-Z), numbers (0-9), or underscores (_)
  • Must start with a letter or underscore
  • Can be up to 300 characters

• column_schema: Similar to a data type, but supports an optional NOT NULL constraint for types other than ARRAY. column_schema also supports options on top-level columns and STRUCT fields.

  column_schema can be used only in the column definition list of CREATE TABLE statements. It cannot be used as a type in expressions.

• simple_type: Any supported data type aside from STRUCT and ARRAY.

  If simple_type is a STRING, it supports an additional clause for collation, which defines how a resulting STRING can be compared and sorted. The syntax looks like this:

  STRING COLLATE collate_specification
  

  If you have DEFAULT COLLATE collate_specification assigned to the table, the collation specification for a column overrides the specification for the table.

• default_expression: The default value assigned to the column.

• field_list: Represents the fields in a struct.

• field_name: The name of the struct field. Struct field names have the same restrictions as column names.

• NOT NULL: When the NOT NULL constraint is present for a column or field, the column or field is created with REQUIRED mode. Conversely, when the NOT NULL constraint is absent, the column or field is created with NULLABLE mode.

  Columns and fields of ARRAY type do not support the NOT NULL modifier. For example, a column_schema of ARRAY<INT64> NOT NULL is invalid, since ARRAY columns have REPEATED mode and can be empty but cannot be NULL. An array element in a table can never be NULL, regardless of whether the NOT NULL constraint is specified. For example, ARRAY<INT64> is equivalent to ARRAY<INT64 NOT NULL>.

  The NOT NULL attribute of a table's column_schema does not propagate through queries over the table. If table T contains a column declared as x INT64 NOT NULL, for example, CREATE TABLE dataset.newtable AS SELECT x FROM T creates a table named dataset.newtable in which x is NULLABLE.

Specify a column option list in the following format:

NAME=VALUE, ...

NAME and VALUE must be one of the following combinations:

STRING

Example: description="a unique id"

This property is equivalent to the schema.fields[].description table resource property.

STRING

Example: rounding_mode = "ROUND_HALF_EVEN"

This specifies the rounding mode that's used for values written to a NUMERIC or BIGNUMERIC type column or STRUCT field. The following values are supported:

• "ROUND_HALF_AWAY_FROM_ZERO": Halfway cases are rounded away from zero. For example, 2.25 is rounded to 2.3, and -2.25 is rounded to -2.3.
• "ROUND_HALF_EVEN": Halfway cases are rounded towards the nearest even digit. For example, 2.25 is rounded to 2.2 and -2.25 is rounded to -2.2.

This property is equivalent to the roundingMode table resource property.

Applies a data policy to a column in a table (Preview).

Example: data_policies = ["{'name':'myproject.region-us.data_policy_name1'}", "{'name':'myproject.region-us.data_policy_name2'}"]

The ALTER TABLE ALTER COLUMN statement supports the = and += operators to add data policies to a specific column.

Example: data_policies +=["data_policy1", "data_policy2"]

VALUE is a constant expression containing only literals, query parameters, and scalar functions.

The constant expression cannot contain:

• A reference to a table
• Subqueries or SQL statements such as SELECT, CREATE, or UPDATE
• User-defined functions, aggregate functions, or analytic functions
• The following scalar functions:
  • ARRAY_TO_STRING
  • REPLACE
  • REGEXP_REPLACE
  • RAND
  • FORMAT
  • LPAD
  • RPAD
  • REPEAT
  • SESSION_USER
  • GENERATE_ARRAY
  • GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY

Setting the VALUE replaces the existing value of that option for the column, if there was one. Setting the VALUE to NULL clears the column's value for that option.

PARTITION BY is an optional clause that controls table and vector index partitioning. partition_expression is an expression that determines how to partition the table or vector index. The partition expression can contain the following values:

• _PARTITIONDATE. Partition by ingestion time with daily partitions. This syntax cannot be used with the AS query_statement clause.
• DATE(_PARTITIONTIME). Equivalent to _PARTITIONDATE. This syntax cannot be used with the AS query_statement clause.
• <date_column>. Partition by a DATE column with daily partitions.
• DATE({ <timestamp_column> | <datetime_column> }). Partition by a TIMESTAMP or DATETIME column with daily partitions.
• DATETIME_TRUNC(<datetime_column>, { DAY | HOUR | MONTH | YEAR }). Partition by a DATETIME column with the specified partitioning type.
• TIMESTAMP_TRUNC(<timestamp_column>, { DAY | HOUR | MONTH | YEAR }). Partition by a TIMESTAMP column with the specified partitioning type.
• TIMESTAMP_TRUNC(_PARTITIONTIME, { DAY | HOUR | MONTH | YEAR }). Partition by ingestion time with the specified partitioning type. This syntax cannot be used with the AS query_statement clause.
• DATE_TRUNC(<date_column>, { MONTH | YEAR }). Partition by a DATE column with the specified partitioning type.

• RANGE_BUCKET(<int64_column>, GENERATE_ARRAY(<start>, <end>[, <interval>])). Partition by an integer column with the specified range, where:

  • start is the start of range partitioning, inclusive.
  • end is the end of range partitioning, exclusive.
  • interval is the width of each range within the partition. Defaults to 1.

The option list lets you set table options such as a label and an expiration time. You can include multiple options using a comma-separated list.

Specify a table option list in the following format:

NAME=VALUE, ...

NAME and VALUE must be one of the following combinations:

Example: expiration_timestamp=TIMESTAMP "2025-01-01 00:00:00 UTC"

This property is equivalent to the expirationTime table resource property.

FLOAT64

Example: partition_expiration_days=7

Sets the partition expiration in days. For more information, see Set the partition expiration. By default, partitions don't expire.

This property is equivalent to the timePartitioning.expirationMs table resource property but uses days instead of milliseconds. One day is equivalent to 86400000 milliseconds, or 24 hours.

This property can only be set if the table is partitioned.

BOOL

Example: require_partition_filter=true

Specifies whether queries on this table must include a a predicate filter that filters on the partitioning column. For more information, see Set partition filter requirements. The default value is false.

This property is equivalent to the timePartitioning.requirePartitionFilter table resource property.

This property can only be set if the table is partitioned.

STRING

Example: friendly_name="my_table"

This property is equivalent to the friendlyName table resource property.

STRING

Example: description="a table that expires in 2025"

This property is equivalent to the description table resource property.

ARRAY<STRUCT<STRING, STRING>>

Example: labels=[("org_unit", "development")]

This property is equivalent to the labels table resource property.

STRING

Example: default_rounding_mode = "ROUND_HALF_EVEN"

This specifies the default rounding mode that's used for values written to any new NUMERIC or BIGNUMERIC type columns or STRUCT fields in the table. It does not impact existing fields in the table. The following values are supported:

• "ROUND_HALF_AWAY_FROM_ZERO": Halfway cases are rounded away from zero. For example, 2.5 is rounded to 3.0, and -2.5 is rounded to -3.
• "ROUND_HALF_EVEN": Halfway cases are rounded towards the nearest even digit. For example, 2.5 is rounded to 2.0 and -2.5 is rounded to -2.0.

This property is equivalent to the defaultRoundingMode table resource property.

BOOL

In preview.

Example: enable_change_history=TRUE

Set this property to TRUE in order to capture change history on the table, which you can then view by using the CHANGES function. Enabling this table option has an impact on costs; for more information see Pricing and costs. The default is FALSE.

INTERVAL

Example: max_staleness=INTERVAL "4:0:0" HOUR TO SECOND

The maximum interval behind the current time where it's acceptable to read stale data. For example, with change data capture, when this option is set, the table copy operation is denied if data is more stale than the max_staleness value.

max_staleness is disabled by default.

BOOL

In preview.

Example: enable_fine_grained_mutations=TRUE

Set this property to TRUE to enable fine-grained DML optimization on the table. The default is FALSE.

STRING

In preview.

Example: storage_uri=gs://BUCKET_DIRECTORY/TABLE_DIRECTORY/

A fully qualified location prefix for the external folder where data is stored. Supports gs: buckets.

Required for managed tables.

STRING

In preview.

Example: file_format=PARQUET

The open-source file format in which the table data is stored. Only PARQUET is supported.

Required for managed tables.

The default is PARQUET.

STRING

In preview.

Example: table_format=ICEBERG

The open table format in which metadata-only snapshots are stored. Only ICEBERG is supported.

Required for managed tables.

The default is ICEBERG.

VALUE is a constant expression containing only literals, query parameters, and scalar functions.

The constant expression cannot contain:

• A reference to a table
• Subqueries or SQL statements such as SELECT, CREATE, or UPDATE
• User-defined functions, aggregate functions, or analytic functions
• The following scalar functions:
  • ARRAY_TO_STRING
  • REPLACE
  • REGEXP_REPLACE
  • RAND
  • FORMAT
  • LPAD
  • RPAD
  • REPEAT
  • SESSION_USER
  • GENERATE_ARRAY
  • GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY

Specifies options for loading data from external files. The format and uris options are required. Specify the option list in the following format: NAME=VALUE, ...

BOOL

If true, allow rows that are missing trailing optional columns.

Applies to CSV data.

BOOL

If true, allow quoted data sections that contain newline characters in the file.

Applies to CSV data.

STRING

Only required when creating a Bigtable external table.

Specifies the schema of the Bigtable external table in JSON format.

For a list of Bigtable table definition options, see BigtableOptions in the REST API reference.

STRING

Defines the scope of supported column name characters and the handling behavior of unsupported characters. The default setting is STRICT, which means unsupported characters cause BigQuery to throw errors. V1 and V2 replace any unsupported characters with underscores.

Supported values include:

• STRICT. Enables flexible column names. This is the default value. Load jobs with unsupported characters in column names fail with an error message. To configure the replacement of unsupported characters with underscores so that the load job succeeds, specify the default_column_name_character_map configuration setting.
• V1. Column names can only contain standard column name characters. Unsupported characters (except periods in Parquet file column names) are replaced with underscores. This is the default behavior for tables created before the introduction of column_name_character_map.
• V2. Besides standard column name characters, it also supports flexible column names. Unsupported characters (except periods in Parquet file column names) are replaced with underscores.

Applies to CSV and Parquet data.

STRING

The compression type of the data source. Supported values include: GZIP. If not specified, the data source is uncompressed.

Applies to CSV and JSON data.

ARRAY<STRING>

Determines how to convert a Decimal type. Equivalent to ExternalDataConfiguration.decimal_target_types

Example: ["NUMERIC", "BIGNUMERIC"].

BOOL

If true, use schema inference specifically for Parquet LIST logical type.

Applies to Parquet data.

BOOL

If true, convert Avro logical types into their corresponding SQL types. For more information, see Logical types.

Applies to Avro data.

STRING

The character encoding of the data. Supported values include: UTF8 (or UTF-8), ISO_8859_1 (or ISO-8859-1), UTF-16BE, UTF-16LE, UTF-32BE, or UTF-32LE. The default value is UTF-8.

Applies to CSV data.

BOOL

If true, infer Parquet ENUM logical type as STRING instead of BYTES by default.

Applies to Parquet data.

STRING

The separator for fields in a CSV file.

Applies to CSV data.

STRING

The format of the external data. Supported values for CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE include: AVRO, CLOUD_BIGTABLE, CSV, DATASTORE_BACKUP, DELTA_LAKE (preview), GOOGLE_SHEETS, NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON (or JSON), ORC, PARQUET.

Supported values for LOAD DATA include: AVRO, CSV, DELTA_LAKE (preview) NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON (or JSON), ORC, PARQUET.

The value JSON is equivalent to NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON.

STRING

A common prefix for all source URIs before the partition key encoding begins. Applies only to hive-partitioned external tables.

Applies to Avro, CSV, JSON, Parquet, and ORC data.

Example: "gs://bucket/path".

STRING

Specifies how to interpret source URIs for load jobs and external tables.

Supported values include:

• FILE_SYSTEM_MATCH. Expands source URIs by listing files from the object store. This is the default behavior if FileSetSpecType is not set.
• NEW_LINE_DELIMITED_MANIFEST. Indicates that the provided URIs are newline-delimited manifest files, with one URI per line. Wildcard URIs are not supported in the manifest files, and all referenced data files must be in the same bucket as the manifest file.

For example, if you have a source URI of "gs://bucket/path/file" and the file_set_spec_type is FILE_SYSTEM_MATCH, then the file is used directly as a data file. If the file_set_spec_type is NEW_LINE_DELIMITED_MANIFEST, then each line in the file is interpreted as a URI that points to a data file.

BOOL

If true, ignore extra values that are not represented in the table schema, without returning an error.

Applies to CSV and JSON data.

STRING

For JSON data, indicates a particular JSON interchange format. If not specified, BigQuery reads the data as generic JSON records.

Supported values include:
GEOJSON. Newline-delimited GeoJSON data. For more information, see Creating an external table from a newline-delimited GeoJSON file.

INT64

The maximum number of bad records to ignore when reading the data.

Applies to: CSV, JSON, and Google Sheets data.

INTERVAL

Applicable for BigLake tables and object tables.

Specifies whether cached metadata is used by operations against the table, and how fresh the cached metadata must be in order for the operation to use it.

To disable metadata caching, specify 0. This is the default.

To enable metadata caching, specify an interval literal value between 30 minutes and 7 days. For example, specify INTERVAL 4 HOUR for a 4 hour staleness interval. With this value, operations against the table use cached metadata if it has been refreshed within the past 4 hours. If the cached metadata is older than that, the operation falls back to retrieving metadata from Cloud Storage instead.

STRING

The string that represents NULL values in a CSV file.

Applies to CSV data.

ARRAY<STRING>

(Preview)

The list of strings that represent NULL values in a CSV file.

This option cannot be used with null_marker option.

Applies to CSV data.

STRING

Only required when creating an object table.

Set the value of this option to SIMPLE when creating an object table.

BOOL

If true, then the embedded ASCII control characters which are the first 32 characters in the ASCII table, ranging from '\x00' to '\x1F', are preserved.

Applies to CSV data.

STRING

The string used to quote data sections in a CSV file. If your data contains quoted newline characters, also set the allow_quoted_newlines property to true.

Applies to CSV data.

INT64

The number of rows at the top of a file to skip when reading the data.

Applies to CSV and Google Sheets data.

STRING

(Preview)

This controls the strategy used to match loaded columns to the schema.

If this value is unspecified, then the default is based on how the schema is provided. If autodetect is enabled, then the default behavior is to match columns by name. Otherwise, the default is to match columns by position. This is done to keep the behavior backward-compatible.

Supported values include:

• POSITION: matches by position. This option assumes that the columns are ordered the same way as the schema.
• NAME: matches by name. This option reads the header row as column names and reorders columns to match the field names in the schema. Column names are read from the last skipped row based on the skip_leading_rows property.

An array of IAM tags for the table, expressed as key-value pairs. The key should be the namespaced key name, and the value should be the short name.

STRING

(Preview)

Default time zone that will apply when parsing timestamp values that have no specific time zone.

Check valid time zone names.

If this value is not present, the timestamp values without specific time zone is parsed using default time zone UTC.

Applies to CSV and JSON data.

STRING

(Preview)

Format elements that define how the DATE values are formatted in the input files (for example, MM/DD/YYYY).

If this value is present, this format is the only compatible DATE format. Schema autodetection will also decide DATE column type based on this format instead of the existing format.

If this value is not present, the DATE field is parsed with the default formats.

Applies to CSV and JSON data.

STRING

(Preview)

Format elements that define how the DATETIME values are formatted in the input files (for example, MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS.FF3).

If this value is present, this format is the only compatible DATETIME format. Schema autodetection will also decide DATETIME column type based on this format instead of the existing format.

If this value is not present, the DATETIME field is parsed with the default formats.

Applies to CSV and JSON data.

STRING

(Preview)

Format elements that define how the TIME values are formatted in the input files (for example, HH24:MI:SS.FF3).

If this value is present, this format is the only compatible TIME format. Schema autodetection will also decide TIME column type based on this format instead of the existing format.

If this value is not present, the TIME field is parsed with the default formats.

Applies to CSV and JSON data.

STRING

(Preview)

Format elements that define how the TIMESTAMP values are formatted in the input files (for example, MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS.FF3).

If this value is present, this format is the only compatible TIMESTAMP format. Schema autodetection will also decide TIMESTAMP column type based on this format instead of the existing format.

If this value is not present, the TIMESTAMP field is parsed with the default formats.

Applies to CSV and JSON data.

For external tables, including object tables, that aren't Bigtable tables:

ARRAY<STRING>

An array of fully qualified URIs for the external data locations. Each URI can contain one asterisk (*) wildcard character, which must come after the bucket name. When you specify uris values that target multiple files, all of those files must share a compatible schema.

The following examples show valid uris values:

• ['gs://bucket/path1/myfile.csv']
• ['gs://bucket/path1/*.csv']
• ['gs://bucket/path1/*', 'gs://bucket/path2/file00*']

For Bigtable tables:

STRING

The URI identifying the Bigtable table to use as a data source. You can only specify one Bigtable URI.

Example: https://googleapis.com/bigtable/projects/project_id/instances/instance_id[/appProfiles/app_profile]/tables/table_name

For more information on constructing a Bigtable URI, see Retrieve the Bigtable URI.

The following examples show common use cases for the LOAD DATA statement.

The following example loads an Avro file into a table. Avro is a self-describing format, so BigQuery infers the schema.

LOAD DATA INTO mydataset.table1
  FROM FILES(
    format='AVRO',
    uris = ['gs://bucket/path/file.avro']
  )

The following example loads two CSV files into a table, using schema autodetection.

LOAD DATA INTO mydataset.table1
  FROM FILES(
    format='CSV',
    uris = ['gs://bucket/path/file1.csv', 'gs://bucket/path/file2.csv']
  )

The following example loads a CSV file into a table, using a specified table schema.

LOAD DATA INTO mydataset.table1(x INT64, y STRING)
  FROM FILES(
    skip_leading_rows=1,
    format='CSV',
    uris = ['gs://bucket/path/file.csv']
  )

The following example creates a new table with a description and an expiration time.

LOAD DATA INTO mydataset.table1
  OPTIONS(
    description="my table",
    expiration_timestamp="2025-01-01 00:00:00 UTC"
  )
  FROM FILES(
    format='AVRO',
    uris = ['gs://bucket/path/file.avro']
  )

The following example overwrites an existing table.

LOAD DATA OVERWRITE mydataset.table1
  FROM FILES(
    format='AVRO',
    uris = ['gs://bucket/path/file.avro']
  )

The following example loads an Avro file into a temporary table.

LOAD DATA INTO TEMP TABLE mydataset.table1
  FROM FILES(
    format='AVRO',
    uris = ['gs://bucket/path/file.avro']
  )

The following example creates a table that is partitioned by the transaction_date field and clustered by the customer_id field. It also configures the partitions to expire after three days.

LOAD DATA INTO mydataset.table1
  PARTITION BY transaction_date
  CLUSTER BY customer_id
  OPTIONS(
    partition_expiration_days=3
  )
  FROM FILES(
    format='AVRO',
    uris = ['gs://bucket/path/file.avro']
  )

The following example loads data into a selected partition of an ingestion-time partitioned table:

LOAD DATA INTO mydataset.table1
PARTITIONS(_PARTITIONTIME = TIMESTAMP '2016-01-01')
  PARTITION BY _PARTITIONTIME
  FROM FILES(
    format = 'AVRO',
    uris = ['gs://bucket/path/file.avro']
  )

The following example loads a set of external files that use a hive partitioning layout.

LOAD DATA INTO mydataset.table1
  FROM FILES(
    format='AVRO',
    uris = ['gs://bucket/path/*'],
    hive_partition_uri_prefix='gs://bucket/path'
  )
  WITH PARTITION COLUMNS(
    field_1 STRING, -- column order must match the external path
    field_2 INT64
  )

The following example infers the partitioning layout:

LOAD DATA INTO mydataset.table1
  FROM FILES(
    format='AVRO',
    uris = ['gs://bucket/path/*'],
    hive_partition_uri_prefix='gs://bucket/path'
  )
  WITH PARTITION COLUMNS

If you include both column_list and WITH PARTITION COLUMNS, then you must explicitly list the partitioning columns. For example, the following query returns an error:

-- This query returns an error.
LOAD DATA INTO mydataset.table1
  (
    x INT64, -- column_list is given but the partition column list is missing
    y STRING
  )
  FROM FILES(
    format='AVRO',
    uris = ['gs://bucket/path/*'],
    hive_partition_uri_prefix='gs://bucket/path'
  )
  WITH PARTITION COLUMNS

The following example loads a parquet file named sample.parquet from an Amazon S3 bucket into the test_parquet table with an auto-detect schema:

LOAD DATA INTO mydataset.testparquet
  FROM FILES (
    uris = ['s3://test-bucket/sample.parquet'],
    format = 'PARQUET'
  )
  WITH CONNECTION `aws-us-east-1.test-connection`

The following example loads a CSV file with the prefix sampled* from your Blob Storage into the test_csv table with predefined column partitioning by time:

LOAD DATA INTO mydataset.test_csv (Number INT64, Name STRING, Time DATE)
  PARTITION BY Time
  FROM FILES (
    format = 'CSV', uris = ['azure://test.blob.core.windows.net/container/sampled*'],
    skip_leading_rows=1
  )
  WITH CONNECTION `azure-eastus2.test-connection`

The following example overwrites the existing table test_parquet with data from a file named sample.parquet with an auto-detect schema:

LOAD DATA OVERWRITE mydataset.testparquet
  FROM FILES (
    uris = ['s3://test-bucket/sample.parquet'],
    format = 'PARQUET'
  )
  WITH CONNECTION `aws-us-east-1.test-connection`

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Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC."],[[["The `LOAD DATA` statement in GoogleSQL allows loading data from one or more files into a table, enabling the creation of new tables, appending data to existing tables or partitions, or overwriting existing tables or partitions."],["The behavior of `LOAD DATA` depends on whether `INTO` (appends data) or `OVERWRITE` (replaces data) is specified, and if no table exists, a new one is created, also if using `INTO` with the `PARTITIONS` clause, `OVERWRITE` is not permitted."],["The `column_list` option specifies the table's schema and, if omitted, BigQuery attempts schema auto-detection; when loading hive-partitioned data, the partitioned columns must be included in the schema."],["`PARTITION BY` clause allows for table partitioning based on a specified expression, while the `CLUSTER BY` clause allows clustering based on column names, and various options are available for managing table expiration and filtering requirements with the `OPTIONS` clause."],["The `load_option_list` allows the specification of options for loading data from external files such as `format`, `uris` and more, with support for various data formats including AVRO, CSV, JSON, ORC, and PARQUET, and allowing for cross-cloud transfers."]]],[]]

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