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Configuring your app with app.yaml | Google App Engine flexible environment docs

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An App Engine app is configured using an app.yaml file, that contains CPU, memory, network and disk resources, scaling, and other general settings including environment variables.

You can specify the runtime configuration for your Java app, including versions and URLs, in the

file. This file acts as a deployment descriptor of a specific

version.

You must first create the app.yaml file for the default service of your app before you can create and deploy app.yaml files for additional services.

The following app.yaml sample demonstrates how to configure your app for the latest Java version. For more information about using supported Java runtimes, see the Java runtime.

  runtime: java
  env: flex
  runtime_config:
  operating_system: "ubuntu22"
  runtime_version: "21"
  handlers:
  - url: /.*
  script: this field is required, but ignored

  manual_scaling:
  instances: 1

Depending on the complexity of your app's service, you might only need to define a few elements in the corresponding app.yaml file. The following example demonstrates what a simple Java app might require in the flexible environment:

You can specify a unique name for your app.yaml files, but then you must specify the file name with the deployment command as well. For example, if you name your app.yaml file service-name-app.yaml or app.flexible.yaml, then you must deploy your app using either:

gcloud app deploy service-name-app.yaml
gcloud app deploy app.flexible.yaml

To learn more about structuring multiple services and

files in your app, see

.

For a complete list of all the supported elements in this configuration file, see the app.yaml reference.

You can configure App Engine flexible environment for Java to collect common metrics for Java Virtual Machine (JVM) processes. The metrics are collected using the same JVM monitoring plugin that Cloud Monitoring uses. To view the full list of metrics for App Engine, see the Google Cloud metrics guide.

If you want to collect these JVM metrics for your app:

• appengine.googleapis.com/flex/instance/jvm/gc/count
• appengine.googleapis.com/flex/instance/jvm/gc/time

you'll need to set the following JMX system properties in the environment variables in your app.yaml and deploy your app.

JAVA_USER_OPTS: "-Djava.rmi.server.hostname=172.17.0.1 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=10403 -
Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.rmi.port=10403 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.local.only=false -
Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false"

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC."],[[["The `app.yaml` file is essential for configuring an App Engine app, defining settings like CPU, memory, network, disk resources, scaling, and environment variables."],["`app.yaml` acts as a deployment descriptor for a specific service version, and the default service must have an `app.yaml` file created first."],["The `app.yaml` file allows for specifying the Java runtime configuration, including versions and URLs, and an example configuration is provided for the latest Java version."],["You can customize the `app.yaml` filename, but if you do, you must use the custom name when deploying your app with the `gcloud` command."],["You can configure your Java App Engine flexible environment to collect JVM metrics, such as garbage collection count and time, by setting JMX system properties in the `app.yaml` environment variables."]]],[]]

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