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If you'd like to use an alternative implementation of Python, Java, Node.js, Go, Ruby, PHP, .NET or you write code in any other language, then custom runtimes are for you. Custom runtimes allow you to define new runtime environments, which might include additional components like language interpreters or application servers.
To create a custom runtime, you create a Dockerfile with a base image of your choice, and then add the docker commands that build your desired runtime environment. It's important to remember that you are responsible for ensuring that the components that you specified in your Dockerfile are compatible and configured to deliver the desired performance.
When you use a custom runtime, you must write your application code to handle certain flexible environment life-cycle and health checking requests. Start by reading about how to build a custom runtime before you begin developing your application.
Applications that use custom runtimes take advantage of all the various Google Cloud services by using the public REST APIs or client libraries, such as the App Engine Admin API and the Google Client Libraries.
Use the following table to understand how a custom runtime compares to the existing set of App Engine runtimes:
Feature Flexible runtime Custom runtime Dockerfile Default file supplied automatically by the SDK Hand-written by the developer Dockerfile modifications permitted Yes Yes Languages Python, Java, Node.js, Go, Ruby, PHP, .NET Any software that can service HTTP requestsExcept as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.
[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC."],[[["Custom runtimes enable the use of any language or software capable of handling HTTP requests, beyond the standard supported options like Python, Java, and Node.js."],["Developers create custom runtimes by crafting a Dockerfile to define the runtime environment, including any necessary components."],["Users of custom runtimes are responsible for the compatibility and performance of the components specified in their Dockerfile."],["Applications leveraging custom runtimes can access all Google Cloud services via public REST APIs or client libraries."],["Unlike standard flexible runtimes where the Dockerfile is automatically supplied, developers must hand-write the Dockerfile for custom runtime environments."]]],[]]
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