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Load balancing for API Gateway | API Gateway Documentation

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Load balancing for API Gateway

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This product or feature is subject to the "Pre-GA Offerings Terms" in the General Service Terms section of the Service Specific Terms. Pre-GA products and features are available "as is" and might have limited support. For more information, see the launch stage descriptions.

The integration of Global external Application Load Balancer and Classic Application Load Balancer support for API Gateway enables your serverless backends to take advantage of all the features provided by Cloud Load Balancing. By combining API Gateway with a global external Application Load Balancer or classic Application Load Balancer using a serverless Network Endpoint Group (serverless NEG), you can:

Using a serverless NEG for API Gateway

A network endpoint group (NEG) specifies a group of backend endpoints for a load balancer. A serverless NEG is a backend that points to a Google-hosted serverless backend like Cloud Run, App Engine, or API Gateway. A serverless NEG backend for API Gateway can represent:

The following figure shows how serverless NEGs can be used in the Cloud Load Balancing model:

As illustrated in an earlier example, a backend service can be managed by several serverless NEGs. Each serverless NEG can contain a single API Gateway instance or use a URL mask to point to multiple gateways. Because all NEGs acting as a backend service are used for load balancing, they should represent functionally equivalent gateway deployments. For example, all NEGs should have the same API config deployed to each gateway in different regions. If a backend service contains several NEGs, the load balancer will balance traffic between these NEGs while minimizing request latency.

Limitations on serverless NEGs and API Gateway

A few limitations should be considered when using serverless NEGs to integrate Cloud Load Balancing for API Gateway. Most notably:

For more information on restrictions pertaining to serverless NEGs and backend services generally, see Limitations.

Limitations on serverless NEGs in backend service configurations

A backend service defines how Cloud Load Balancing distributes traffic. The backend service configuration contains a set of values, such as the protocol used to connect to backends, various distribution and session settings, health checks, and timeouts. For serverless NEGs used as a backend service for API Gateway, these settings provide fine-grained control over how your load balancer behaves.

The resource definition of a backend service has the following implications for your load balancing design:

When defining a backend service configuration that routes to a serverless NEG, the following field limitations apply:

The IAP, cdnPolicy, and securityPolicy fields in the backend service configuration are valid for serverless NEGs. These fields can be used to set up Identity-Aware Proxy, Cloud CDN, and Cloud Armor respectively with your API Gateway service.

What's next?

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC."],[[["API Gateway can integrate with Global external Application Load Balancer or Classic Application Load Balancer through serverless Network Endpoint Groups (NEGs) to leverage Cloud Load Balancing features."],["Serverless NEGs for API Gateway can represent either a single API Gateway instance or a group of gateways sharing the same API configuration, enabling load balancing between functionally equivalent deployments."],["There are several limitations to serverless NEGs for API Gateway, including restrictions on network endpoints, regional scope, and project constraints, along with an inability to disable direct access to API Gateways."],["Backend services that use serverless NEGs have specific configuration limitations, such as not being able to mix different types of NEGs, and restrictions on `balancingMode`, `healthCheck`, ports, protocols, `utilization`, or `connection`-related field settings."],["Despite the limitations, backend service configurations allow for the integration of Identity-Aware Proxy, Cloud CDN, and Cloud Armor with API Gateway through serverless NEGs."]]],[]]


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