Accord.NET provides statistical analysis, machine learning, image processing and computer vision methods for .NET applications. Once an extension to the former AForge.NET Framework, the framework grew to incorporate AForge.NET and complement it with new features, adding to a more complete environment for scientific computing in .NET.
The framework is divided in libraries, available through an executable installer, standalone compressed archives and NuGet packages. Those libraries are divided among three main functionalities, listed below:
Scientific computingA complete listing of the framework's namespaces is presented below. Please click on any of the namespace names for more details.
Namespace Description Accord Accord.Audio Accord.Audio.ComplexFiltersContains frequency-domain signal filters.
Accord.Audio.FiltersContains time-domain signal processing filters.
Accord.Audio.Formats Accord.Audio.GeneratorsContains specialized signal generators. Generate square signals, sinusoids, pulse and other filters for use in signal processing.
Accord.Audio.WindowsContains audio window functions which can be used to split signals in time.
Accord.Audition Accord.Audition.BeatContains beat detection algorithms and related methods.
Accord.CollectionsContains collections such as Lists, Dictionaries, Trees and other useful structures.
Accord.Controls Accord.Controls.Vision Accord.DataSets Accord.DataSets.Base Accord.Diagnostics Accord.DirectSoundContains audio devices to reproduce and capture sounds exposed through DirectSound.
Accord.Fuzzy Accord.Genetic Accord.Imaging Accord.Imaging.ColorReduction Accord.Imaging.ComplexFilters Accord.Imaging.ConvertersContains classes and methods to convert between different image representations, such as between common images, numeric matrices and arrays.
Accord.Imaging.FiltersContains the image processing filters such as the Wavelet transform, stereo rectification, image blending and point markers.
Accord.Imaging.Formats Accord.Imaging.MomentsContains image moments calculators such as central and raw moments,
Accord.Imaging.Textures Accord.IO Accord.MachineLearning Accord.MachineLearning.BayesContains discrete and continuous density Naive Bayes models for pattern recognition and concept learning. Supports a wide diversity of probabilistic distributions.
Accord.MachineLearning.BoostingContains Boosting related techniques for creating classifier ensembles and other composition models.
Accord.MachineLearning.Boosting.LearnersContains Boosting related techniques for creating classifier ensembles and other composition models.
Accord.MachineLearning.Clustering Accord.MachineLearning.DecisionTreesContains discrete and continuous Decision Trees, with support for automatic code generation, tree pruning and the creation of
decision rule sets.
Accord.MachineLearning.DecisionTrees.LearningContains learning algorithms for inducing
Decision Trees.
Accord.MachineLearning.DecisionTrees.PruningContains classes to prune decision trees, removing unneeded nodes in an attempt to improve generalization.
Accord.MachineLearning.DecisionTrees.Rules Accord.MachineLearning.GeometryContains methods for robust estimation of geometry entities.
Accord.MachineLearning.Performance Accord.MachineLearning.Rules Accord.MachineLearning.Text.Stemmers Accord.MachineLearning.VectorMachinesContains classes related to
Support Vector Machines(SVMs). Contains
linear machines,
kernel machines,
multi-class machines, SVM-DAGs (Directed Acyclic Graphs),
multi-label classificationand also offers support for the
probabilistic output calibrationof SVM outputs.
Accord.MachineLearning.VectorMachines.LearningContains algorithms for training Support Vector Machines (SVMs).
Accord.Math Accord.Math.ComparersComparison methods that can be used in sort algorithms such as Sort(Array).
Accord.Math.Convergence Accord.Math.Converters Accord.Math.DecompositionsContains numerical decompositions such as
QR,
SVD,
LU,
Cholesky, and
NMFwith specialized definitions for most .NET data types: float, double, and decimals.
Accord.Math.DifferentiationContains methods for the automatic differentiation of mathematical formulas, such as the Finite Differences method.
Accord.Math.Distances Accord.Math.EnvironmentsContains algorithm environments you can inherit from and let your code be similar to famous environments such as R and Octave.
Accord.Math.GeometryContains geometry-related classes. Can identify convex-hulls, detect curvatures and extract convexity defects. When used together with the Imaging and Vision namespaces, can create finger detection components.
Accord.Math.IntegrationNumerical methods for approximating integrals.
Accord.Math.KinematicsContains classes to model complex kinematic chains, useful for robotic applications.
Accord.Math.Metrics Accord.Math.OptimizationContains classes for constrained and unconstrained optimization. Includes
Conjugate Gradient (CG),
Boundedand
Unbounded Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS), gradient-free optimization methods such as
Cobylaand the
Goldfarb-Idnanisolver for Quadratic Programming (QP) problems.
Accord.Math.Optimization.Losses Accord.Math.Random Accord.Math.Transforms Accord.Math.WaveletsContains Wavelet transforms such as the Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau and the Haar Wavelet transforms.
Accord.Neuro Accord.Neuro.ActivationFunctionsContains different activation functions for artificial neurons.
Accord.Neuro.LayersContains different layer architecures for artificial neural networks.
Accord.Neuro.LearningContains neural network learning algorithms such as the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) with Bayesian Regularization and the Resilient Backpropagation (RProp) for multi-layer networks. This namespace extends the AForge.Neuro namespace of the AForge.NET project.
Accord.Neuro.NetworksContains different neural network architectures, such as specialized architectures for deep learning and Boltzmann machines.
Accord.Neuro.NeuronsContains different kinds of artificial neurons.
Accord.Neuro.VisualizationContains methods to visualize information drawn from neural networks.
Accord.Statistics Accord.Statistics.AnalysisContains many statistical analysis, such as
PCA,
LDA,
KPCA,
KDA,
PLS,
ICA,
Logistic Regressionand
Stepwise Logistic Regression Analyses. Also contains performance assessment analysis such as
contingency tablesand
ROC curves.
Accord.Statistics.Analysis.Base Accord.Statistics.Analysis.ContrastFunctionsContains contrast functions to be used with Independent Component Analysis (ICA).
Accord.Statistics.Distances Accord.Statistics.DistributionsContains more than 40 statistical distributions, with support for most probability distribution measures and estimation methods.
Accord.Statistics.Distributions.DensityKernelsContains density estimation kernels which can be used in combination with
empirical distributionsand
multivariate empirical distributions.
Accord.Statistics.Distributions.FittingContains special options which can be used in distribution fitting (estimation) methods.
Accord.Statistics.Distributions.MultivariateContains a multivariate distributions such as the
multivariate Normal,
Multinomial,
Independent,
Jointand
Mixture distributions.
Accord.Statistics.Distributions.Reflection Accord.Statistics.Distributions.Sampling Accord.Statistics.Distributions.UnivariateContains univariate distributions such as
Normal,
Cauchy,
Hypergeometric,
Poisson,
Bernoulli, and specialized distributions such as the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov,
Nakagami,
Weibull, and
Von-Misesdistributions.
Accord.Statistics.FiltersContains data processing filters, such as data normalization, discretization, equalization, selection and projection filters.
Accord.Statistics.KernelsContains more than 30+ kernel functions for machine learning and statistical applications. Kernel functions are used in kernel methods such as the Support Vector Machine (SVM).
Accord.Statistics.Kernels.SparseContains kernel function able to deal with sparse data in LibSVM's format.
Accord.Statistics.LinksContains link functions for generalized linear models, such as the Logit, the Probit and Cauchit link functions.
Accord.Statistics.ModelsContains statistical models with direct applications in machine learning, such as
Hidden Markov Models,
Conditional Random Fields,
Hidden Conditional Random Fieldsand
linearand
logistic regressions.
Accord.Statistics.Models.FieldsContains classes related to
Conditional Random Fields,
Hidden Conditional Random Fieldsand their
learning algorithms.
Accord.Statistics.Models.Fields.FeaturesContains CRF feature functions such as Emission, Transition, First and Second Moments features.
Accord.Statistics.Models.Fields.FunctionsContains potential functions for CRFs and HCRFs.
Accord.Statistics.Models.Fields.Functions.Specialized Accord.Statistics.Models.Fields.LearningContains learning algorithms for
CRFsand
HCRFs, such as
Conjugate Gradient,
L-BFGSand
RProp-basedlearning.
Accord.Statistics.Models.MarkovContains classes related to Hidden Markov Models and their learning algorithms. Offers support for both discrete and continuous-density models, as well as Markov classifiers and threshold models for sequence rejection.
Accord.Statistics.Models.Markov.Hybrid Accord.Statistics.Models.Markov.LearningContains learning algorithms such as Baum-Welch.
Accord.Statistics.Models.Markov.TopologyContains topologies for HMMs, such as Forward-only and Ergodic topologies.
Accord.Statistics.Models.RegressionContains statistical regression models such as logistic and linear regressions.
Accord.Statistics.Models.Regression.FittingFitting (learning) algorithms for regression models, such as the Iterative Reweighted Least Squares for standard logistic regressors and the Lower-Bound approximator for multinomial logistic regression.
Accord.Statistics.Models.Regression.LinearLinear statistical regression models such as simple, polynomial, multiple and multivariate linear regressions.
Accord.Statistics.MovingContains classes to estimate moving statistics, i.e. statistics computed within a time frame window.
Accord.Statistics.RunningContains classes to estimate running statistics, i.e. statistics which should be computed and updated as soon as new data becomes available.
Accord.Statistics.TestingContains 34+ statistical hypothesis tests, including
one wayand
two-way ANOVA tests, non-parametric tests such as the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov testand the
Sign Test for the Median,
contingency tabletests such as the
Kappa test, including variations for
multiple tables, as well as the
Bhapkarand
Bowkertests; and the more traditional
Chi-Square,
Z,
F,
Tand
Wald tests.
Accord.Statistics.Testing.PowerContains methods for power analysis of several related hypothesis tests, including support for automatic sample size estimation.
Accord.Statistics.VisualizationsContains classes for statistical visualization such as Histograms and Scatterplots.
Accord.Video Accord.Video.DirectShow Accord.Video.FFMPEG Accord.Video.Kinect Accord.Video.VFW Accord.Video.Ximea Accord.Vision Accord.Vision.DetectionContains object detectors such as the Viola-Jones (Haar feature) method. The Haar cascades are completely compatible with OpenCV generated definitions and the assembly comes with direct support for bundled definitions for face and nose templates.
Accord.Vision.Detection.CascadesBuilt-in Haar cascade definitions to use with the Haar feature object detector. Those definitions can be called directly from code without need for loading XML files.
Accord.Vision.Motion Accord.Vision.TrackingContains classes for object tracking. Include the Camshift algorithm, color segmentation-based trackers and dynamic template matching trackers.
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